Robber Barons or Captains of Industry free essay sample

Robber barons were business leaders who built their fortunes by stealing from the public and captains of industry were business leaders who served their nation in a positive way. These three entrepreneurs were robber barons, for they either did many good things for the nation but had tricks up their sleeve, or were just leaders that treated people unfairly. Henry Ford, John D.Rockefeller, and Andrew Carnegie were robber barons during the 1900’s. John D. Rockefeller was a robber baron because he monopolized the oil industry, barely donated to the community and led the workers to harsh conditions. When Rockefeller monopolized the industry, it was bad enough that he was going against the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890, which stated that having a monopoly was illegal. He even stated, â€Å"The coal oil business belongs to us,† after owning most of the companies due to his monopoly. The trick behind this act was to lower the prices of oil so everyone could afford it. We will write a custom essay sample on Robber Barons or Captains of Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though this sounds very beneficial for the community, it was bad once Rockefeller was able to own every single company and raise the prices back up, leaving the people with no choice. Since automobiles were also much cheaper and more consumers were buying them, it would lead to more consumers buying oil from Rockefeller and only him. People stated he was a captain of industry because he helped people in poverty, but raising prices back up would not make it any better. Rockefeller also donated $8 billion to the economy, along with controlling 1. 52% of it. Even though $8 billion was an extreme amount of money, it was nothing compared to his $66. 3 billion dollars. Finally, Rockefeller’s workers were working in harsh conditions and treated unfairly. Even though he gave bonuses and high wages so they could work harder, only the unemployed men were allowed to work and had to follow strict rules. Since the workers did want to obey these harsh rules, it led to the Ludlow Massacre of 1914 where Rockefeller sent out the National Guard to stop them, killing 13 strikers and 32 women and children. Overall, Rockefeller’s tricks and immoral decisions led him to be a robber baron. Andrew Carnegie was another entrepreneur that was a robber baron. He treated his workers badly, had a monopoly, and bribed people through vertical integration. Worse than Rockefeller, Carnegie’s workers were in an even worse situation. Carnegie barely paid them anyway and he cut their wages, leading them closer and closer to a strike. The working conditions were also dangerous, leaving them with injuries due to their fingers or arms getting cut off in the machines. This resulted in the Homestead Strike, refusing to let the strikebreakers take over their jobs. Shooting broke out, leaving some strikers dead. Carnegie also used the methods of vertical integration and horizontal consolidation. Vertical integration is when Carnegie bought out all suppliers to control all the stages of the manufacturing process, such as transportation, raw materials, and etc. One of his good friends, Theodore Roosevelt, was an example of whom he bribed so he can buy out his suppliers with no one knowing. Horizontal consolidation was when Carnegie bought out all competing companies, soon creating a monopoly and owning 80% of the steel industry. Even though Carnegie built schools, libraries, homes, and railroads with most of his money, he still wanted profits from everything and tricks to bribe people into getting more. Finally, Henry Ford was also a robber baron. He glorified only himself, bribed his workers, and was anti-Semitic. Ford was seen as a great man for building hospitals, museums, etc. , especially since he was deeply appreciated for his good impact on America. But when he was glorified for expressing his love for American customs, the background story of this was that he deeply wanted his workers to be â€Å"Americanized†, teaching them English during work. Unfortunately though, he intruded on their personal lives and always made sure they were home at night, weren’t out drinking, or doing any other actions he restricted. He was also glorified for sending out ships to Europe to stop WWI with no profit, but when he arrived at Europe, he went right back to America. He made no impact on the war, and didn’t even care that the U. S. would have to get involved soon, even though he said he wanted to help them in the beginning. The first thing he was known for was scientific management and strengthening the mass assembly line, which would make the workers work harder but be happier. Although, this led to mass production, which gave him the benefit of higher profits. Ford also bribed his workers. Although he paid them very high wages and reduced their working hours, he only did this so they would not form a Union to rebel against him. Since the workers could also only purchase things from where they work, Ford got back their wages most of the time, which was also a good reason to increase their wages. Finally, Ford was anti-Semitic. When buying out the ‘Dearborn Independent’, people appreciated that he expressed his beliefs, but his hatred against the Jews was going way too far. He did not let them work in his factories, did not stop his publisher’s harsh words against them, and believed that they were immigrants who were here to take away the jobs of Americans. Overall, Henry Ford, John D. Roosevelt, and Henry Ford were three entrepreneurs that should be classified as robber barons in the 1900’s. Roosevelt and Carnegie had monopolies and were controlling leaders, were tricky business partners just like Ford, who was also selfish and glorifying for all the wrong reasons. Each entrepreneur are not captains of industry, but robber barons; people who manipulate the people for their own benefit.

Human Communication essays

Human Communication essays The movie Sweet Home Alabama showcases examples of many important theories of human communication. The movie's plot itself allows for a great deal of miscommunication and misunderstanding, and it is often these conflicts that allow us to view communication theories. However, many examples of theories of human communication come in scenes where there is little conflict, and the characters are going about their daily business, illustrating that communication occurs in a wide variety of instances. Overall, Sweet Home Alabama provides examples of communication theories as diverse as expectancy theory, constructivism, symbolic interactionism, and the coordinated management of meaning. Some of the most interesting analysis of human communication can come from modern cinema. Topical movies provide not only entertainment, but they often reflect common relationship issues. It is in this reflection of modern relationships that there is a great deal of opportunity for a study of human communication. Given that for every effective story there must be moments of conflict, movies often provide an excellent opportunity to study difficulties in human communication. The movie Sweet Home Alabama provides ample material for a study of human communication. Starring Reese Witherspoon as the movie's heroine, Melanie Carmichael, Sweet Home Alabama chronicles the story of a young woman who is torn between two lovers. While this may seem like an often- told tale, there is an important twist in the plot of this story: one of the lover's is Melanie's ex-husband, and one is her fianc. Perhaps more succinctly, one of the lovers is not quite her ex-husband, as he simply Melanie is a small-town girl who has moved to the big city, and done well for herself. She has a burgeoning career, and is engaged to the son of the mayor. Her newfound debutante status is a far cry from h...

Research on student debt management and budgeting in Canada Paper

On student debt management and budgeting in Canada - Research Paper Example The poll shows that 6 out of 10 students will graduate with a debt to pay. Likewise, 75 % of the Canadian students do not use a budget (Glasby, 2009, p.152). In addition, the Canadian federal government offers financial assistance through the Canada Student Loans Program (Johnstone, 2010, p 180). There are two Canadian bank loan prerogatives for the Saint Mary’s University’s students. Royal Bank offers student loans (www.rbcroyalbank.com). The bank does not collect interest payments while in school. The Royal Bank manages the Federal loans in Quebec and Nova Scotia, Canada. The bank helps the students with their repayment options, responsibilities as well as obligations. Further, the Toronto Dominion Bank offers student line of credit loans (www.tdcanadatrust.com). The student loans cover tuition fees, books, and living expenses. The bank offers different payment terms that fit the students’ payment capacities. The bank does not collect monthly fee s and annual fees during the student’s student life. Furthermore, the National Student Loans Service Centre helps the students with their student loan inquiries (https://nslsc.canlearn.ca). The Centre offers several student loan types. The student can process the student loans from the bank’s National Student Loans Service Centre. The Centre offers different payment terms. The terms fit the students’ capacity to pay the loans on time. The government offers loan forgiveness to academically intelligent students (Mutimer, 2012, p. 209). Canada’s nature and level of student debt. The Royal Bank’s website (www.rbcroyalbank.com) offers readable online student loan materials to Canadian Citizens, through the federal student loan program (Council of International Schools, 2009, p. 37). Likewise, the Toronto Dominion bank (www.tdcanadatrust.com) can easily be understood by the student loan applicant. The can easily find the

A piece of art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A piece of art - Essay Example The artist also mentions that the exhibition happens to the second within a curatorial projects series that the artist has initiated within year 2011 which demonstrated means through which contemporary art as well as artists are able to create a platform for discussing political, social as well as cultural situations importance around the world as well as exploration of their effects on regional and local communities. The artist talks about what a good contemporary art entails which explains that it should interrogate cultural, political as well as social practices and realities. The artist explains that the purpose of their art as one of a university art museum is to give chances for artistic education, exploration as well as reflection. The artists argument is artwork should represent effects of political events on people socially, politically as well as culturally. Artistic work may turn to be political while political may turn into artwork. From this context, the artist has shown how artwork has been used to represent political matters happening especially between the Palestine Israeli war. Most of the art reflects the effects of the war. For instance, the video within which the artist is carrying a greed paint can that is dripping along the green line within Jerusalem as well as areas around it for two days (2007). A declaring by Yael Bartana (2006) that requests that individuals to consider the olive tree changing symbolism in the existing context and the (Sa) Mira by Dor Guez (2009) that deals with some Israeli citizens felt discrimination due to decent by the Arabs. The artist has used the past to express events of the time ahead. For instance the art piece Pan of Qalandia 2014 by Wafa Hourani is an imagination of a huge checkpoint’s future which is in between Ramallah and Jerusalem. Again, the artist has made use of time to represent matters that took place earlier

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 29

Marketing - Essay Example However, many of the researchers specifically name it as ‘status consumption’. In literature the concept of status consumption is defined as the consumption of anything with the intention of boasting of and showing off affluence to others and it ranges from an expensive lipstick to a pricey car (Scheetz, n.d.). Status consumption is the phenomenon through which consumers seek to increase their social standing by conspicuous consumption and possessions (Schiffman). Shukla defines status consumption as the behaviour of the consumer to buy the products and services to enhance their status, no matter what their income or social class is. Basically, status consumption refers to the purchases made by consumers to attain a social status. It also shows the increasing materialism among the people in the society. A lot of work has been done by various researchers on status consumption. Even the concept of status consumption is considered very effective from marketing point of view. In a survey of 239 Malaysian students, it was found that promotional appeals that underline social comparisons are more effective on status seeking customers (Heaney, Goldsmith & Jusoh, 2005). The researchers have been always curious to determine the reasons because of which the consumers go for status consumption. In a study of 598 consumers, it was found that status seeking consumers have a need for uniqueness and can be good opinion leaders (Clark, Zboja & Goldsmith, 2006). Therefore, the need to look superior and to maintain the social status results in status consumption. Ustuner and Holt (2009) studied the concept of status consumption among the middle class people from less industrialised countries. They limited their research to middle class group only because this class does have enough spending power to maintain their social class and they find that significant

Congestive Cardiac Failure Case Study

Congestive Cardiac Failure Case Study Mr. Sam Toscana is a 70 year old client admitted to the ward with congestive cardiac failure (CCF). The client states that he has had increasing SOB over the last 3 days and his feet are as swollen as he cannot put his shoes on. The cardiologist saw him this morning and he admitted for management of his CCF. The client states he has had a fluid problem on and off for the last five year. History Age: 70 Allergies: NKA Ht: 165 cm WT: 75 kg Next of kin: Wife Maria Children: 1 daughter Mr. Toscana lives with his wife in the family home; they have lived there for 40 years. His daughters house is near by and she is very helpful and takes him and his wife to appointments. However she has 3 children at school that keep her very busy. They remain very sociable attending the local Italian club. He was diagnosed with CCF 10 years ago. Past History AF, Hypercholesterolemia, CCF, CABGs 10 years ago, ex-smoker, positive coronary artery disease family history. Medical Management The following about medications were told by Mr. Toscana: Lasix is not taken when they go outings organized by the Italian club. Digoxin is taken one in the morning (blue pills). Aspirin is taken in the morning with water. Warfarin is taken in the night and blood test is getting every couple of days. Perindopril is taken one in the morning for his heart. Observations on admission BP 95/50, AF pulse irregular 80, SaO2 93% on room air, Temp 36.9, R Rate 22 bpm, Crackles noted in the right lung base. This essay will explain the pathophysiology of presenting condition of Mr. Toscana. Secondly, this paper will explain what nursing assessment will be performed on Mr. Toscana and justify the framework for assessment chosen. Thirdly, education and psychosocial support will be offered on Mr. Toscana will be described with justifying. In addition, nursing care plan for Mr. Toscana with two short term and two long term goals including nursing interventions, rationales, and evaluations will be provided. Furthermore, diagnostic tests that will assist with the assessment and management of Mr. Toscana will be investigated. Moreover, this essay will perform a risk assessment on the client drawing on the information provided. Lastly, two of the medications Mr. Toscana is taking will be discussed and including action, use (as discuss why this client been prescribed this medication), relevant interaction, three adverse effects, and three nursing points or precautions. Pathophysiology of the presenting condition of Mr. Toscana Heart failure is defined as a condition that results from some abnormality in myocardial function. The abnormality, whatever the cause, results in the inability of the heart to deliver enough oxygenated blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body. When the right and left ventricles fail as pumps, pulmonary and systemic venous hypertension ensue, resulting in the syndrome of congestive heart failure (Fletcher Thomas 2001). Dyspnoea or shortness of breath, orthopnoea and pulmonary crackles are signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema and pleural effusion when left ventricular in the heart failure. There are two major consequences occur when the left ventricle is unable to pump enough blood to meet the bodys demands: signs and symptoms of decreased cardiac output and pulmonary congestion. Increased pressure in the left side of the heart backs up into the pulmonary system, and the lungs become congested with fluid. Fluid leaks through the engorged capillaries and permeates air spaces in lung (Christensen Kockrow 2011). According to Christensen and Kockrow (2011) edema appears in the body as right ventricular failure. Right ventricular failure occurs when the right ventricle in unable to pump effectively against increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation. The right ventricles inability to pump blood forward into the lungs results in peripheral congestion and an inability to accommodate all the venous blood that is normally returned to the right side of the heart. Venous blood in reflected backward into the systemic circulation. Increased venous volume and pressure force fluid out of the vasculature into interstitial tissue or peripheral edema. Nursing assessment with justifying Christensen and Kockrow (2011) state that subjective data to assess Mr. Toscana include complaints of dyspnea, orthopnea or sudden awakening from sleep because shortness of breath (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea), and cough. Besides that, fatigue, anxiety, weight gain from fluid retention, and edema may be reported by patient. In addition, any pain such as angina or abdominal and the patients stated ability to perform activity of daily living needs to be documented. Collection of objective date includes noting presence of respiratory distress, the number of pillows required to breath comfortably while attempting to rest (orthopnea), edema (site, degree of pitting), abdominal distension secondary to ascites, weight gain, adventitious breath sounds, abnormal heart sounds such as gallop and murmurs, activity intolerance, and jugular vein distension. Blood flow to the kidneys is diminished, resulting in oliguria. Oxygen deficit in tissues results in cyanosis and general debilitation (Christensen Kockrow 2011). Education and psychosocial support with justifying According to Washburn and Hornberger (2008) heart failure is a complex, chronic illness often requiring major lifestyle modifications for patients and their families. Nurses play a key role in educating and counseling patients and their families about these changes. Education should be provided to patients about symptom and weight management, dietary and exercise recommendations, and medications. Patient should be taught the signs and symptoms of worsening congestive cardiac failure such as increased dyspnea, development or worsening of orthopnea, weight gain, and exercise intolerance or inability to perform the normal activities of daily living without increased fatigue (Fletcher Thomas 2001). The research shows that up to more than fifty percent of hospital admissions are due to noncompliance with both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment regimes. Non-pharmacologic therapies include a no added salt diet, which constitutes about two three grams of salt per day. Patients should be instructed to avoid foods containing large amounts of sodium, such as highly processed foods, canned foods, and luncheon meats. A nutrition consult is helpful especially if patient is overweight. Some patients may need to have their daily fluid restricted to 1.5-2.0 liters per day. This is a clinical judgment based on signs of congestion, fluid over load and weight gain. Patients should be instructed to weigh themselves daily or every other day and record the data in a log, which should be taken to every visit with the clinician. A weight gain of two to three pounds should trigger a visit to the clinician. All patients with CCF should be encouraged to exercise to improve overall physical conditioning. The established standard for assessment of physical capacity is an exercise test, which provides objective data regarding exercise time, distance, peak workload, and oxygen consumption (Fletcher Thomas 2001). Washburn and Hornberger (2008) state that it is importance for nurses providing education to patients with heart failure to have an understanding of the drugs used in the management of heart failure. So patient should be taught the name of each drug and its purpose, dosage, frequency, and significant side effects. Patients should be advised to bring all prescriptive and non-prescriptive medications to office visits for review and assessment of patients understanding of them. Nursing diagnoses include interventions, rationale, and evaluations for two short term and two long term goals (use the nursing care plan template) In Mr. Toscana situation, excess fluid volume is the first nursing short term diagnosis as edema, dyspnoea on exertion, and weight gain. The expected outcome for Mr. Toscana is fluid balance. Fluid balance can be demonstrated as peripheral pulses palpable, peripheral edema not present, orthostatic hypotension not present, skin hydration, and body weight stable. To achieve this expected outcome, patient should be weighted daily and monitor trends to monitor fluid retention and weight reduction. Serum electrolyte levels and therapeutic effect of diuretic are monitored to assess as a response to treatment. In addition, respiratory pattern is monitored for symptoms of respiratory difficulty for early recognition of pulmonary congestion. Moreover, fluid balance is monitored by monitoring renal function and intake and output (Brown et al. 2008). The second short term nursing diagnosis is impaired gas exchange as manifested by increased respiratory rate, dyspnoea on exertion and Mr. Toscana states that he has had increasing shortness of breath over the last three days. The evaluation for this diagnosis expects patient breathe easily, dyspnoea with exertion not present, oxygen saturation and respiration rate are in normal range limit. Nursing interventions include respiratory monitoring, oxygen therapy, and positioning. To monitor respiratory, auscultative breath sound, noting areas of decreased or absent ventilation and presence of adventitious sounds, to assess congestion. Dyspnoea and events that improve worsen it are also monitored to detect events that can influence activities daily living. Oxygen therapy such as administer supplemental oxygen as ordered to maintain oxygen levels and change oxygen delivery device from mask to nasal prongs during meals as tolerated sustain oxygen levels while doing activities daily living (Brown et al. 2008). Besides short term diagnosis, Mr. Toscana may be faced with long term effecting due to congestive cardiac failure. Disturbed sleep pattern and deficient knowledge are considered as Mr. Toscana long term diagnosis. Disturbed sleep pattern related to nocturnal dyspnoes, unable to assume favored sleep position, nocturia and manifested by inability to sleep during the night. There are six interventions for this diagnosis. First, determine patients sleep or activity pattern to establish routine. Secondly, patient is encouraged to establish a bedtime routine to facilitate transition from wakefulness to sleep in order to establish a pattern and decrease number of waking periods. Thirdly, adjust environment to promote sleep. Fourthly, regulate environmental stimuli to maintain normal day-night cycles to help promote sleep cycle. Fifthly, adjust medication administration schedule to support patients sleep cycle. Lastly, monitor patients sleep pattern and number of sleep hours to determine hou rs of sleep. Expected outcomes of those nursing interventions are uninterrupted sleep, increase hours of sleep, feelings of rejuvenation after sleep, and vital sign in expected range (Brown et al. 2008). According to Brown et al. (2008) deficient knowledge related to disease process as Mr. Toscana states that he has had a fluid problem frequently come and gone for the last year. Patient expects to descript of disease process, descript of signs and symptoms of complications, and descript of precautions to prevent complications after been educated. Patients current level knowledge related to heart failure is assessed to demonstrate areas of teaching needed. Describe common signs and symptoms of heart failure so patient will know signs and symptom of worsening heart failure. Patient is instructed on measures to prevent or minimize side effects of treatment for the disease as patient may be able to decrease number of acute episodes of heart failure. Family member or significant others encourage to include in teaching to provide support for the patient. (Would like to see the N Diagnostic tests that will assist with the assessment and management of Mr. Toscana According to Christensen and Kockrow (2011) the most noninvasive diagnostic tool for evaluating a patient with heart failure is an echocardiogram. Echocardiography is done to determine valvular heart disease, presence of pericardial fluid, heart failure as the percentage of end diastolic blood volume ejected during systole, and ejection fraction. Secondly, a chest radiograph reveals pulmonary vascular congestion, pleural effusion, and cardiac enlargement. Thirdly, ECG reveals cardiac dysrhythmias. Moreover, pulmonary artery catheterization is done to assess right and left ventricular function. Exercise stress testing is also done to determine activity tolerance and severity of underlying ischemic cardiovascular disease. In addition, laboratory tests include electrolytes, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium levels will assist with the assessment and management of Mr. Toscana. Blood chemistry will reveal elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine resulting from decreased glomerular filtration; liver function values will be mildly elevated. BNP, a neurohormone secreted by the heart in response to expansion of ventricular volume and pressure over load, is useful in monitoring chronic heart failure (Christensen Kockrow 2011). Perform a risk assessment on the client drawing on the information provided (examples of risk assessment tools that would be appropriate) Firstly, since depression was a significant predictor of fatigue in congestive heart failure patients, fatigue patterns should be closely monitored. Congestive heart failure patients mood should be monitored for obvious disturbance, and if necessary, they should be referred to mental health or psychiatric practitioners for further assessment and proper treatment (Tang, Yu Yeh 2010). Secondly, according to Brown et al. (2008) nocturia is one of a risk assessment should be performed on Mr. Toscana. A person with chronic heart failure will have impaired renal perfusion and decreased urinary output during the day. However, when the person lies down at night, fluid movement from interstitial spaces back into the circulatory system is enhance. This cause increased renal blood flow and diuresis. The patient may complain of having to void six or seven times during the night. Thirdly, because the tissue capillary oxygen extraction is increased in a person with chronic heart failure, the skin may appear dusky. It may also be cool to the touch from diaphoresis. Often the lower extremities are shiny any swollen, with diminished or absent hair growth. Chronic swelling may result in pigment changes, causing the skin to appear brown or brawny in areas covering the ankles and lower legs (Brown et al. 2008). Discuss two of the medications Mr. Toscana is taking Lasix or Frusemide is one of high-ceiling (loop) diuretics medication. Action of this group is potent diuretics that inhibit sodium, potassium and chloride re-absorption in the proximal and distal renal convoluted tubules, but mainly in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, resulting in increased water excretion. Frusemide is effective within one hour by oral, peak one to two hours, and duration on six to eight hours (Tiziani 2006). According to Pharmaceutical Society of Australia (2010) one of indications of Frusemide is oedema associated with heart failure and it is reason why Mr. Toscana has been prescribed this medication. Pharmaceutical Society of Australia (2010) shows that non steroid anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce renal function and may reduce diuretic effect and increase risk of nephrotoxicity. However, low dose aspirin is unlikely to be a problem. The combination of loop diuretics and ACE inhibitors (Perindopril) may increase the risk of ACE inhibitor-induced renal impairment, so renal function should be monitored closely (Pharmaceutical Society of Australia 2010). The first adverse effect of Lasix is fluid and electrolyte disturbances. Secondly, hypovolaemia and dehydration should be considered. The third adverse effect is postural hypotension (Tiziani 2006). Christensen and Kockrow (2011) argue that when patient is prescribed loop diuretic such as Lasix, it should be administered in the morning to prevent nocturia. The second of nursing interventions is monitoring for electrolyte depletion. Thirdly, sulfa allergy is encouraged to consider. Perindopril (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) is indicated for heart failure due to Mr. Toscanas situation. ACE inhibitors block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and also inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin. They reduce the effects of angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction, sodium retention and aldosterone release. They also reduce the effect of angiotensin on sympathetic nervous activity and as a growth factor (Pharmaceutical Society of Australia 2010). Common adverse effects of ACE inhibitors are hypotension, cough, hyperkalaemia, headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea and renal impairment (Pharmaceutical Society of Australia 2010). Following Mr. Toscana case, the first nursing point or caution of Perindopril is nurses need to know that heart failure is usually treated with a diuretic and digoxin in associated with ACE inhibitor. Secondly, patient is advised that a low salt diet may be beneficial in reducing blood pressure. However, potassium containing salt substitutes are not recommended because of the increased risk of hyperkalaemia. Thirdly, for patient with congestive heart failure, blood pressure and renal function should be monitored before starting and regularly during therapy (Tiziani 2006). Congestive Cardiac Failure Case Study Congestive Cardiac Failure Case Study Congestive cardiac failure or congestive heart failure can be defined as the inability of the heart muscles to pump enough blood to all parts of the body, for example brain, liver and kidneys. Heart failure can develop slowly over time as the result of other conditions (such as high blood pressure and coronary artery disease) that weaken the heart. It can also occur suddenly as the result of damage to the heart muscle.(university of Maryland medical center 2014) Congestive heart failure affects several organs in our bodies and it includes, heart, kidneys, lungs, brain, liver, skin and spleen. Then organ systems that are affected are, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, nervous system, circulatory system skeletal system, and urinary system A brief overview of the normal functioning of the affected body systems. one of the body systems that is affected with congestive heart failure is the cardiovascular system, this system consists of heart, blood vessels and blood. Its responsible for pumping blood through the body as well as oxygen, nutrient, hormones and cellular waste. It regulates blood pressure through the contraction of the heart pumping and also helps to maintain fluid balance within the body. The main function of respiratory system is to supply blood rich in oxygen to all parts of the body. The respiratory system does this through breathing. When we breathe, we inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. This exchange of gases usually takes place in the alveoli and the capillaries. The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and then diffuses through the capillaries into the arterial blood. Meanwhile, the waste-rich blood from the veins releases its carbon dioxide into the alveoli. The carbon dioxide follows the same path out of the lungs when you exhale. The circulatory system has its main functions as to pump blood containing oxygen and other nutrients around the body. the system consists of the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins. The heart, the lungs, and the blood vessels work together to form the circle part of the circulatory system, the circulatory system contains of two loops of circulatory, the pulmonary circulation which transports de-oxygenated blood from the right atrium and right ventricle to the lungs to pick up oxygen and nutrients and returns to the left side of the heart. The systemic circulatory which transports blood rich in oxygen from left side of the body and transports it all the body tissues. The circulatory system control the pressure of the blood as it travels through the body and taking away the wastes The urinary system consists of the kidneys, bladder, ureters and urethra. its main function is to filter metabolic wastes, excess ions, and chemicals from the blood to form urine. They also maintain the homeostasis of several important internal conditions by controlling the excretion of substances out of the body.through this it regulates the blood pressure. After the whole process of urine formation is completed the ureters carry urine to the urinary bladder and later discharged in the urethra. The nervous system consists of brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all of the nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body. Together, these organs are responsible for the control of the body and communication among its parts. Neurons transmit information through electrical signals to the brain. chemical help to bridge gap between one neuron and the other. there are several signs and symptoms of heart failure and they are discussed here below: Shortness of breath. This is one of the signs and symptoms of heart failure, this happens due to the back up of blood in the pulmonary veins which leads fluid to leak and build up in the lungs because the heart cant keep up with the supply. Tiredness or fatigue. This happens because the heart cant keep up with the demand of supply of blood to all the body tissues so u feel tired because its being overworked. Edema. There build up of excess fluids in the body parts because the heart cant pump all the blood as a result there is the excess build up of fluids. there is slow cardiac output. Persistent coughing or wheezing due to the build up fluids in the lungs as a result of heart not pumping all the blood out of the lungs. Lack of appetite , nausea this occurs because there is less cardiac out as a result less blood reaches the digestive system which cause problems with the digestion process. Confusion. This is one of the symptoms and the reason behind is because there is less cardiac out the nutrients also is less and not enough for the body tissues, which will lead to less nutrients like sodium which will lead to someone having confusions and impaired thinking. Tachycardia. This is one of the signs and symptoms of heart failure. The increased heart rate is due to the heart pumping harder to meet the demands of supply of blood and nutrients to the rest of the body which is not enough.(American heart association 2014) sudden weight gain from fluid retention. Chest pain if the heart failure is caused by heart attack. Elevated blood pressure due to tachycardia as a result heart trying to pump more blood to other parts of the body. When critically analysing Mr wrights admission form it clearly indicates signs and symptoms of congestive cardiac failure. his circulation is not okay because he suffers from peripheral vascular disease which it can easily contribute to heart failure. secondly considering the loss of appetite which can be attributed to low blood supply to the digestive system. Checking his oxygen saturation levels which are low due to the heart failing to pump lots of blood out of the lungs which can lead to leak of fluids in the lungs. another sign is the confusion. Despite him having dementia but have low cardiac out supply to the rest of the body tissues can lead to confusion which is also a sign of heart failure. Well diabetes might be related to his leg ulcer considering the fact that patients who are diabetic at a certain stage they may have reduced sensation of the skin on there feet. They are nerve endings on the skin usually fails to detect any pain or sensation and as a result it can be a high risk of leg ulcer if the patient has a cut or blister on the feet it can easily develop to leg ulcer which can if its serious it may lead to amputation. for his case it might have played a role. In patients who are diabetic there might be poor circulation of blood to the feet which might be a contributing factor to his leg ulcer and finally the amputation of the left toe. Lasix (furosemide) is a diuretic (water pill) that prevents your body from absorbing too much salt, allowing the salt to instead be passed in your urine(drug14).if you got excess fluids it helps to reduce them. it treats fluid retention in people with congestive heart failure, kidney problems and liver diseases. He is given the drug in order to get rid of the excess fluids retention. the systems affected by this drug re cardiovascular and urinary system. Conditions that are commonly associated with aging according to Mr wrights relevant medical history. Arthritis the inflammation of the joints, and creates pain and stiffness when moving these joints. Osteoarthritis is the most common in the elderly. when cartilage is damaged or worn out the bone rub on each other causing friction which causes pain when moving the joints. diabetes mostly type 2 which affects the older people though young people Can also develop it. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes increase with age mostly over 55 years of age. Its where the pancreas produces insulin but its not sufficient enough to work effectively. Glaucoma is an eye diseases that results to blindness in the elderly especially over 80 years. Its a group of eye disease in which the optic nerve at the back of the eye is slowly destroyed. Poor blood supply to the vital optic nerve can lead to glaucoma.(glaucoma2014) Factors that may impact his safety whilst in hospital and when he returns home. Checking through his admission history and assessment increased level of confusion can be one of the factors that can impact his safety. He fails to remember because the low blood supply and low oxygen levels in the body which fail to supply enough to the brain and as a result this will lead to increased levels of confusion. He may not remember why he is in hospital, he may forget to take his medications as prescribed the correct dose at the right time and this is likely to occur when he is at home. Mr. Wright is receiving meals on wheels while he is at home, because of his loss of appetite as a result of congestive heart failure he may not take his meals and he can be at a risk of being malnutrition, which will eventually lead to a high falls risk because he will not have the strength and energy to walk. From the assessment it seemed he cared for his dog and as a result of being hospitalised he his anxious about the dog which can lay an impact on his safety. He is not settled at all and it may increase risk of more complicated health problems considering he has congestive heart failure. he worries a lot about the dog wondering who is going to care for it yet he is not well. While he is at home because of the level of consciousness which at time deteriorate he might just forget to walk with the walking stick at all times and combine with the nutritional problems he might be of high falls risk. Because he got glaucoma this might also play a role considering his safety back at home which can have a huge impact on hi mobility. Other health professionals that can be involved in Mr Wrights can and what services they can provide Dietician because he is diabetic and has lost appetite, the dietician would assess and provide the best solution to help improve his appetite. Physiotherapist would also be involved in Mr wrights care to assesses the mobility levels and recommend the best way of care he needs as fur as mobility is concerned. he would check if he is a high or low falls risk and provide the best tool to aid mobility. Optometrist would also be involved in his care, he would assess the level of glaucoma and check if its worsening or getting better and the likely impacts it can have on his levels of mobility. From the medical history he has dysphagia the speech pathologist will be involved to assess his level of swallowing if the problem is worsening or it has improved and make necessary recommendations so that when he goes home the meals on wheels can supply him with the recommended type of food that he can tolerate. An occupational therapist would also be involved in his care he or she will come in handy to assess the hazard at home and all the id tools that he requires in order to reduce any risk of injuries occurring at home. For example He may assess and recommend commode at night to avoid the walking to the toilet at night in order to reduce the risk of falling. A social worker will also be involved in his care considering he is at home alone with his dog, he might need home visits where the social worker will check how he is coping in the community and assess if he is socially isolated or he gets involved in the society, if family and friends visit him at all. The nursing documentation expected to be used in the care of MR. Wright are as followed. Admission form and passed medical history form. medications chart nursing care plan. progress notes allied health chart, ECG charts, observation charts fluid balance chart and bowel chart. References University of Maryland Medical Center 2014 viewed 18th sept 2013 http://umm.edu/health/medical/reports/articles/heart-failure#ixzz3CXXtD2EZ Virtual medical center 2014 last reviewed 7th may 2010 respiratory system http://www.myvmc.com/anatomy/respiratory-system/ Cardiovascular system the inner body last viewed 2013 http://www.innerbody.com/image/cardov.html Urinary system the inner body last viewed 2013, http://www.innerbody.com/image/urinov.html#full-description Nervous system the inner body last viewed 2013 http://www.innerbody.com/image/nervov.html#full-description American heart association (2014) warning-Signs-for-Heart-Failure last reviewed 20/8/2012 http://www.heart.org. Australia, Diabetes. (2014, January 6). Diabetes and Your Feet. Retrieved from Australia Diabetes: https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/Living-with-Diabetes/MindBody/DiabetesYour-Feet/ Drugs.com. (2014). Retrieved from Lasix: http://www.drugs.com/lasix.html Australian institute of health and well being (2013)osteoarthritis http://www.aihw.gov.au/osteoarthritis/ Gabrielle K, Kate S and Jodie H (2013)theory and practice Tabbners nursing care 6th edition. Glaucoma Australia (2014)Retrieved from Glaucoma http://www.glaucoma.org.au/what.html. The human heart circulatory system:(2014)retrieved from Franklin institute: http://learn.fi.edu/learn/heart/systems/circulation.html

Muhammad Ali :: Cassius Clay

Muhammad Ali Also known as: Cassius Marcellus Clay, Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr., Cassius Clay (1942- ) Professional boxer Personal Information Born Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr.; name changed to Muhammad Ali, 1963; born January, 17, 1942, in Louisville, KY; son of Cassius (a piano player) and Odessa Clay (both deceased); first wife, Belinda; second wife, Aaisha; third wife, Veronica Porche; fourth (and current) wife, Yolanda Williams, married in 1986; children: nine (one with Yolanda). Religion: Muslim. Addresses: Home--P.O. Box 187, Berrien Springs, MI 59103. Career Former world heavyweight boxing champion. Began professional career, 1960; initially became heavyweight champ, 1964; stripped of title and boxing license over refusal to participate in the Vietnam War, 1966; retired from boxing, 1981. Appeared in film The Greatest, 1976, and television film Freedom Road. Awards Olympic Gold Medal in boxing, 1960; six Kentucky Golden Gloves titles; National Golden Gloves titles, 1959-60; World Heavyweight Championship, 1964-67, 1974-78, 1978-79; U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame, inductee, 1983; named the greatest heavyweight champion of all time, Ring Magazine, 1987; International Boxing Hall of Fame, inductee, 1990; Jim Thorpe Pro Sports Award, Lifetime Achievement, 1992; Muhammad Ali Museum, Louisville Galleria, opened 1995; Essence Award, 1997. Writings †¢ (With Richard Durham) The Greatest: My Own Story, Random House, 1975. Biographical Information Three-time world heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali, known for his lyrical charm and boasts as much as for his powerful fists, has moved far beyond the boxing ring in both influence and purpose. Ali won an Olympic gold medal and later tossed it into a river because he was disgusted by racism in America. As a young man he was recruited by Malcolm X to join the Nation of Islam. He refused to serve in Vietnam--a professional fighter willing to serve time in jail for his pacifist ideals. He has contributed to countless, diverse charities and causes. And his later years have found him interested in world politics as he has battled to keep Parkinson's disease at bay. Muhammad Ali was born Cassius Marcellus Clay, Jr., on January 17, 1942, and was raised in a clapboard house at 3302 Grand Avenue in middle-class Louisville, Kentucky. He began boxing at the age of 12. A white Louisville patrolman named Joe Martin, who had an early television show called "Tomorrow's Champions," started Ali working out in Louisville's Columbia Gym, but it was a black trainer named Fred Stoner who taught Ali the science of boxing. Stoner taught him to move with the grace of a dancer, and impressed upon him the subtle skills necessary to move beyond good and into the realm of great.

Mr Birling and Sheila Essay

The play is about a middle to upper-class family, the Birlings, who lived in a town called Brumley. Its is based on a girl, Eva, who had commit suicide by drinking disinfectant. An Inspector who goes by the name of â€Å"Inspector Goole† had come to the Birlings house to investigate why Eva had committed suicide. It turns out that none of the members of the Birling family had committed a real crime but they had all driven her to suicide in some way. The moral of the play is to judge their consciences and there by our consciences to make us work together as â€Å"members of one body. † Two characters represent the historical context are Mr Birling and Sheila. At the end of the play they show opposite poles of society. Mr Birling represents the older generation that has held on to values of years and years back. Mr Birling is an ex-mayor, father of the family, a factory owner and he’s earned a knight hood. Sheila is Mr Birling’s daughter. She is also pompous. Sheila represents the innocent one in society and the future and present generation. At the beginning of the play the Birlings all appear like Mr Birling in there believes that they should all be individuals and not care about the rest of the community. This was because they were an upper class family. Mr Birling and Sheila portray the political theme of community and the individual. Priestly believes that we need to be responsible so that we can look after each other, we will not survive as individuals if we don’t work together. Priestly voices his opinions through the character of the Inspector. † But just remember this. One Eva Smith has gone – but there are millions and millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths still left with us. † This represents the moral of the play. Mr Birling and Sheila abuse the power, this causing Eva’s death. Mr Birling has power over Eva and when he thinks that Eva does not respect him and asks for a raise he uses his power to sack Eva. Sheila also uses her power to get Eva dismissed from Millwards. Because she is rich and spends a lot of money at the shop the managers respect her. If she is not happy there she won’t shop there and the company shall lose a lot of money. So because of Eva not making Sheila feel welcome at Millwards Sheila is unhappy. She then tells the manager that she shall no longer be shopping there unless Eva is dismissed. With that Eva gets dismissed because the company can’t afford to lose the Birlings. Mr Birling represents the older generation, showing us that society at the time was divided into different social classes, the upper, the middle, and the lower class. The upper class had no respect for the lower class and this shows during the play. When speaking about Eva trying to negotiate a higher wage for herself, Mr Birling says, â€Å"I’m talking as a hard headed practical man of business. † This is evidence that Mr Birling has no respect and feelings for the lower class, as he doesn’t care whether Eva has a larger income or not. Mr Birling is only concerned about keeping the wage bill as small as possible. That quote also shows the pompous side of him.

Qantassaurus - Facts and Figures

Qantassaurus - Facts and Figures Name: Qantassaurus (Greek for Qantas lizard); pronounced KWAN-tah-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of Australia Historical Period: Early Cretaceous (115 million years ago) Size and Weight: About six feet long and 100 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; long legs; bipedal posture; round, blunt head with large eyes About Qantassaurus Like its close relative, the equally unpronounceable Leaellynasaura, Qantassaurus lived in Australia during a time (the early Cretaceous period) when that continent was much further south than it is today, meaning this dinosaur thrived in wintry conditions that would have killed most its kind. That explains the relatively slender size of Qantassaurusthere wouldnt have been enough vegetation in its harsh climate to supply a multi-ton herbivoreas well as its relatively large eyes, which it presumably needed to see clearly in the near-Antarctic dusk, and its longer-than-usual legs, with which it could outrun hungry predators. This ornithopod dinosaur was also distinguished by its unusually blunt face; Qantassaurus had slightly fewer teeth than its plant-eating cousins from further north. By the way, Qantassaurus, named after Australias Qantas Airlines, isnt the only prehistoric animal to pay homage to a multinational corporation; witness the ancient amphibian Fedexia, which was discovered near a Federal Express depot, as well as Atlascopcosaurus, which honors a manufacturer of mining equipment. (The husband-and-wife team that discovered Qantassaurus, Tim and Patricia Vickers-Rich, are known for bestowing unusual names on their dinosaurs; for example, Leaellynasaura was named after their daughter, and the bird mimic dinosaur Timimus after their son.)

THE VAIROUS USES FOR POTASSIUM essays

THE VAIROUS USES FOR POTASSIUM essays Potassium, which is the nineteenth element in the Periodic Table, influences the health of all living things. Whether it be used in a medicine or in certain amounts in dietary supplements, it helps all living things to improve the quality of life. Potassium has many uses, ranging from those of everyday life to those in rare circumstances. Although potassium may be a necessity to the maintenance of life, its intake must be regulated. It is known that too much of a good thing can be harmful, and this theory applies to potassium, as well. If potassium is taken in the correct doses, it can be a very helpful element in the improvement of the quality of life. Potassium is very important in the human body. Along with sodium, it regulates the water balance and the acid-base balance in the blood and tissues. It helps to generate and regulate muscle contractions and heart beat. Potassium participates in the synthesis of protein from amino acids in the cell. It also functions in carbohydrate metabolism, and it is active in glycogen and glucose metabolism. This process is responsible for converting glucose to glycogen that can be stored in the liver for future energy. Potassium is important for normal growth and for building muscle, and should be an abundant part of the diet of all living things. The most efficient way of providing ones body is by shifting to natural, potassium foods and away from high-salt foods, lose weight if needed, and follow an exercise program to improve cardiovascular tone and physical stamina. This would be called the natural diet. It is known to help maintain normal blood pressure and possibly lower high blood pressure. Foods which help these causes are fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, which are foods that have a very low sodium content. Some include leafy green vegetables such as spinach, parsley, and lettuce, as well as broccoli, peas, lima beans, toma...

Qualititive Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Qualititive - Assignment Example The data in this case was gathered through interviews conducted at a local organization. The main intension is to re-engineer both the Business Take On and client billing process. The organization from which the data was gathered is within a situation in which the clients are under-billed and sometimes being billed incorrectly (Heath, 2014). This aspect has created a major problem within the organization. The problem is not only faced by the organization but also by the clients especially after being billed incorrectly (Heath, 2014; Kelly, 2014; Vincent, 2014). The data collected was solely qualitative. Qualitative data refers to statistical data that is non-quantifiable. Usually, the data collection techniques are those based on qualitative data collection (Cant, 1997; Creswell, 2003; Higgs, 1997; Loseke & Cahil, 2007). In this case, interviews were used to gather the data at the organization. The interview process was conducted with various individual and specifically the organization’s key personnel. These personnel involved the people representing various sub-units within the client organisation. The interview process was initiated with personnel like Lea Kelly who is the business development manager, Heath, and Vincent from the sales department of the organization. Six interviews were conducted with Vincent taking part in four of the interviews (Vincent, 2014). The interviews were conducted separately because different information was required for capturing. Recording the interviews was the primary was of obtaining the response s from the interviewees. For easy analysis, the recorded information was converted into interview transcripts. The interview transcripts allowed for easy coding (Mason, 2002). In this case, coding is critical for the analysis of the data (McRoy, 2014). The result of the interview process produced a number of themes, which need to be addressed if the organization has to solve the current problems. From the interview,

Business regulations and practice assignment Essay

Business regulations and practice assignment - Essay Example ourt decree that Genix to carry out the task as agreed under the contract, especially in the case where Larson has paid for the delivery, but Genix didnt ship the goods. Another one is contract reformation where the contract is written again to incorporate the party intents, as in the situation of Genix falling to prepare shipment the contract is rewritten to include shipment alternatively Genix can cancelled the contract and form a new contract to meet his needs and Larson s what is termed as contract rescission (Miller 267). Anticipatory repudiation is the act of promising party failing to adhere to his/her obligations under the agreed contact, it occurs as a result of one party evincing to carry out the contract, though it can be retracted by the promising party in case there is no material change in the state of promising party besides it becomes cumbersome to retract the contract if the promising party that repudiates fail to maintain the promise (Miller 267).In this context Hammer is very correct since in anticipatory repudiation there is retraction whenever alterations in the position of performing party interim, besides the good has not been sold, hence when Hammer has retracted the repudiation then Moore has breached the contract between