Geography of the New Country of South Sudan

South Sudan, officially called the Republic of South Sudan, is the worlds newest country. It is a landlocked country located on the continent of Africa to the south of Sudan. South Sudan became an independent nation at midnight on July 9, 2011, after a January 2011 referendum regarding its secession from Sudan passed with around 99% of voters in favor of the split. South Sudan mainly voted to secede from Sudan because of cultural and religious differences and a decades-long civil war. Fast Facts: South Sudan Official Name: Republic of South SudanCapital: JubaPopulation: 10,204,581Â  (2018)Official Language: EnglishCurrency: South Sudanese pounds (SSP)Form of Government: Presidential republicClimate: Hot with seasonal rainfall influenced by the annual shift of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone; rainfall heaviest in upland areas of the south and diminishes to the northTotal Area: 248,776 square miles (644,329 square kilometers)Highest Point: Kinyeti at 10,456.5 feet (3,187 meters)Lowest Point: White Nile at 1,250 feet (381 meters) History of South Sudan South Sudans history did not become documented until the early 1800s when Egyptians took control of the area; however, oral traditions claim that the people of South Sudan entered the region before the 10th century and organized tribal societies existed there from the 15th to the 19th centuries. By the 1870s, Egypt attempted to colonize the area and established the colony of Equatoria. In the 1880s, the Mahdist Revolt occurred and Equatorias status as an Egyptian outpost was over by 1889. In 1898, Egypt and Great Britain established joint control of Sudan and in 1947, British colonists entered South Sudan and attempted to join it with Uganda. The Juba Conference, also in 1947, instead joined South Sudan with Sudan. In 1953, Great Britain and Egypt gave Sudan the powers of self-government and on January 1, 1956, Sudan gained full independence. Shortly after independence though, Sudans leaders failed to deliver on promises to create a federal system of government which began a long period of civil war between the northern and southern areas of the country because the north has long tried to implement Muslim policies and customs on the Christian south. By the 1980s, the civil war in Sudan caused serious economic and social problems which resulted in a lack of infrastructure, human rights issues and the displacement of a large part of its population. In 1983, the Sudan Peoples Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) was founded and in 2000, Sudan and the SPLA/M came up with several agreements that would give South Sudan independence from the rest of the country and put it on a path to becoming an independent nation. After working with the United Nations Security Council the government of Sudan and the SPLM/A signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) on January 9, 2005.On January 9, 2011 Sudan held an election with a referendum regarding South Sudans secession. It passed with nearly 99% of the vote and on July 9, 2011, South Sudan officially seceded from Sudan, making it the worlds 196th independent country. Government of South Sudan South Sudans interim constitution was ratified on July 7, 2011, which established a presidential system of government and a president, Salva Kiir Mayardit, as the head of that government. In addition, South Sudan has a unicameral South Sudan Legislative Assembly and an independent judiciary with the highest court being the Supreme Court. South Sudan is divided into 10 different states and three historical provinces (Bahr el Ghazal, Equatoria, and Greater Upper Nile), and its capital city is Juba, which is located in the state of Central Equatoria. Economy of South Sudan South Sudans economy is based mainly on the export of its natural resources. Oil is the main resource in South Sudan and oilfields in the southern part of the country drive its economy. There are, however, conflicts with Sudan as to how the revenue from the oilfields will be split following South Sudans independence. Timber resources like teak, also represent a major part of the regions economy and other natural resources include iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, and gold. Hydropower is also important, as the Nile River has many tributaries in South Sudan. Agriculture also plays a major role in South Sudans economy and the main products of that industry are cotton, sugarcane, wheat, nuts and fruit like mangoes, papaya, and bananas. Geography and Climate of South Sudan South Sudan is a landlocked country located in eastern Africa. Since South Sudan is located near the Equator in the tropics, much of its landscape consists of tropical rainforest and its protected national parks are home to a plethora of migrating wildlife. South Sudan also has extensive swamp and grassland regions. The White Nile, a main tributary of the Nile River, also passes through the country. The highest point in South Sudan is Kinyeti at 10,456 feet (3,187 m) and it is located on its far southern border with Uganda. The climate of South Sudan varies but it is mainly tropical. Juba, the capital and largest city in South Sudan, has an average yearly high temperature of 94.1 degrees (34.5ËšC) and an average yearly low temperature of 70.9 degrees (21.6ËšC). The most rainfall in South Sudan is between the months of April and October and the average yearly total for rainfall is 37.54 inches (953.7 mm). Sources British Broadcasting Company. (8 July 2011). South Sudan Becomes an Independent Nation. BBC News Africa.Goffard, Christopher. (10 July 2011). South Sudan: New Nation of South Sudan Declares Independence. Los Angeles Times.

Mother to Child Transmission of Aids in Africa - 809 Words

Mother to Child Transmission of AIDS in Africa G.T. English Composition II A.L. Jan 26, 2010 How do you tell a child they have AIDS? How many kids are born with AIDS in Africa? Due to the epidemic of AIDS in Africa should the United States assist in supplying mothers who test HIV positive baby formula to discourage breastfeeding? HIV is not spread through pregnancy, but in breast milk. It would make a difference if mothers who are HIV positive in Africa did not breastfeed. Being that Africa can lay claim to having two-thirds of the worlds HIV positive population, one way to help stop the spread among kids would be to eliminate the breastfeeding altogether. While the world keeps supplying condoms and other†¦show more content†¦When volunteers do go Africa to do education, what and how are they teaching? The very first step should be teaching the proper use of condoms. This alone could help slow the spread of HIV however it will not stop the spread completely. Another myth that is very hard to believe exist is that infected males belief is that if they have intercourse with a virgin they will be cured of the AIDS virus. Getting volunteers to educate men about the false claims of this myth is very hard to do. This woeful myth leads to the rapes of very young girls to include babies as young as six months old. This has taken years and years to spread and will continue to spread until people are educated. In order to minimize the transmission of AIDS from mothers to infants, women should be encouraged to breastfeed for a shorter amount of time or, if possible, eliminate breastfeeding altogether. In a WHO study, out of 397 women who had HIV and breastfed, 24 of those infants died. This is compared to six out of 200 HIV-infected women who used formula (â€Å"HIV Transmission†). 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Do You Agree or Disagree Free Essays

Genetically Modified Food (GMF) has the potential to solve many of the world’s hunger and malnutrition problems, and to help protect and preserve the environment by increasing yield and reducing reliance upon chemical pesticides and herbicides. So I think that GMF should be a good solution for the world’s increasing population. The world population has reached 6 billion people and is predicted to double in the next 50 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Do You Agree or Disagree or any similar topic only for you Order Now The more increasing of population will lead to the more requirement of food and also the lack of suitable land for agriculture.Therefore, when the population is growing dramatically like this, many people would die and many children are malnourished because of food shortage. Ensuring an adequate food supply for this booming pollution is going to be a major challenge in the near future. One of the most solution for this problem is the GMF because of it potential in solving world’s hunger and malnutrition. With many kind of products, including potatoes, corn, soybeans, beets, and rice, etc, GMF can replace apart of normal foods.Moreover, crop losses from insect pests can be staggering, resulting in devastating financial loss for farmers and starvation in developing countries. Farmers typically use many tons of chemical pesticides annually. Consumers do not wish to eat food that has been treated with pesticides because of potential health hazards, and run-off of agricultural wastes from an excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers can poison the water supply and cause harm to the environment. Growing GMF can help eliminate the application of chemical pesticides and reduce the cost of bringing a crop to market. Besides that, for some crops, it is not cost-effective to remove weeds by physical means such as tilling, so farmers will often spray large quantities of different herbicides to destroy weeds, a time-consuming and expensive process, that requires care so that the herbicide doesn’t harm the crop plant or the environment. Crop plants genetically-engineered to be resistant to one very powerful herbicide could help prevent environmental damage by reducing the amount of herbicides needed.The last but not least is that GMF can increase yield by using many genetically modified technology. So we can say that the environment can be protected and preserved by increasing yield and reducing reliance upon chemical pesticides and herbicides. I think that genetic engineering is the inevitable wave of the future, and we cannot afford to ignore a technology that has such enormous potential benefits, especially in solving the world’s increasing population. How to cite Do You Agree or Disagree, Papers