Can Music Therapy Improve Stress Anxiety - 1461 Words

Can Music Therapy Improve Stress Anxiety In Patients? Music therapy is the prescribed use of music credited by a profession to effect positive changes of an individual’s cognitive, psychological, physical, and or health problems.1 Music therapy involves interactions between the therapist, client, and music.1 There are many different forms of music therapy, such as, group music therapy, music assisted relaxation, and receptive music therapy.2,3,4 Through musical elements such as rhythm, melody, and harmony the therapist and client can develop a relationship that can improve the proper communication that can be helpful to those who find it difficult to express themselves through words and or overcome negative emotions that they may be experiencing.1,5,6 The purpose of this paper is to determine if music therapy has the ability to lower the levels of anxiety and stress in an individual. The advantages of using music during therapy is to evoke the patient’s feelings, stimu late verbalizations, and provide a common starting place.1,2,3, Music therapy has many different forms such as group music therapy, music assisted relaxation, and receptive music therapy.2,3,4 Group music therapy is the use of music or music activities as a stimulus for promoting new behaviors in a group setting.2 Receptive music therapy bases its assumption on a piece of music that can remind the client of a specific personal value.3 Lastly, music assisted relaxation serves as a combination of deepShow MoreRelatedReducing the Aches and Pains of Life with Music Therapy1286 Words   |  5 PagesTherapeutic use of music is also extremely effective at reducing the everyday aches and pains that humans experience. Slow and methodical music slows the brain waves and helps the muscles in our body to relax, reducing muscle pain (Coleman). A significant amount of today’s population also experiences depression in some shape way or form and music therapy has been proven to be one of the most successful ways to help patients cope with depression. â€Å"Individual music therapy combined with standardRead MoreMusic Therapy On Quality Of Life1549 Words   |  7 Pagesliterature review, I posed two research questions. Firstly, does Music Therapy in general improve perceived quality of life? And secondly, does evidence exist that rhythm related interventions are successful in improving health and perceived quality of life? Upon investigating whether Music Therapy generally improves perceived quality of life, I found five studies that clearly affirm that it does. In â€Å"Effects of Live Music Therapy Sessions on Quality of Life Indicators, Medications AdministeredRead MoreThe Effects Of Music And Music Therapy On Mental Health1540 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of Music and Music Therapy on Mental Health A Review of Studies Done â€Å"The American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) defines music therapy as ‘an established health profession in which music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals’† (Barnett Shale, 2013, p.48). Music Therapy (MT) is shown to be able to help people with many different kinds of mental health problems such as anxiety, stress, and minorRead MoreThe American Music Therapy Association1529 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"The American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) defines music therapy as ‘an established health profession in which music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals’† (Barnett Shale, 2013, p.48). Music Therapy (MT) is shown to be able to help people with many different kinds of mental health problems such as anxiety, stress, and minor cases of depression. There have been many studies done showing that MT is an effectiveRead MoreMusic Therapy And Its Effect On The Levels Of Anxiety And Stress1327 Words   |  6 PagesMusic therapy is the prescribed use of music credited by a profession to effect positive changes of an individual’s cognitive, psychological, physical, and or health problems.1 Music therapy involves interactions between the therapist, client, and music. There are many different forms of Music therapy, such as, group music therapy, music assisted relaxation, and receptive music therapy. Through musical elements such as rhythm, melody, and harmony the therapist and client can develop a relationshipRead MoreMusic Therapy Association ( 2013 )1555 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican music therapy association (2013) defined as a clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to help individuals archive their goals between a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program. Musi c therapy is an upcoming health profession. It involves the use of sound wave that penetrate through the soul and mind to heal, repair and improve the overall emotional well-being. It can be by playing a music instrument, singingRead MoreMusic Therapy : An Alternative Choice For Therapy1430 Words   |  6 PagesMusic therapy was once used as an alternative choice for therapy, but as we grow in time, music therapy is being used more and more. Music therapy is used for all kinds of illnesses from brain damage to autism to stress management. As research shows, music therapy causes the release of endorphins in the brain. When someone listens to music that works to calm them or make them happier. Every day, music therapy is becoming even more popular no matter where it is practiced (the Intensive Care UnitsRead MoreMusic And Effect Of Music1322 Words   |  6 Pagesinvestigating state anxiety of college students who listened to music prior to an exam, and his findings suggests a signif icant reduction in state anxiety levels of these students (as cited in Davis and Thaut,1989). This study however focuses on the use of preferred music rather than pre-chosen music, which indicates that the music could have been from any genre. This is contrary to other studies which found that sedative background music specifically is what tended to reduce state anxiety (Davis and ThautRead MoreMusic and sounds have the power to effect one’s thoughts and emotions. Certain tones, pitches,1300 Words   |  6 PagesMusic and sounds have the power to effect one’s thoughts and emotions. Certain tones, pitches, lyrics, and melodies can invoke happiness, sadness, relief, and confidence. To achieve these emotions with music, many people find it helpful to enroll into music therapy. According to the American Music Therapy Association, music therapy is the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals. These goals may be to manage str ess, promote wellness, alleviate painRead MoreMusic Therapy And Depression922 Words   |  4 Pagesapplicability of the findings to other populations. Anxiety and depression can also be relieved through music therapy and muscle relaxation training exercise; nurses can supervise patients several times through deep muscle relaxation (McGregor Antoni, 2009) and through tension relaxation exercise which can cultivate their abilities to perform the exercise by themselves (Stuart and Laraia, 2008). Music therapy refers to the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish mental relaxation

Military Leaders and Suicide Deaths Essay - 1910 Words

Sometimes in life there are moments that one can think, ‘I would never be able to do that!’ the numbers of people who may say this are the ones that take their own life. Possibly in an attempt to escape the stresses of today’s society, that linger in their mind that they cannot seem to overcome. Everyday people willingly take their lives, without regard to the difficulties they have left on their family and friends. There have been studies on why people commit suicide, but no one has come up with a definite explanation. How these victims of suicide gather the courage to take their own life, and the impact on families left behind is a complex idea that may never be understood. There are many factors that can be a catalyst to committing†¦show more content†¦Today, the Army suicide rate is 20.2 per 100,000 personnel which is higher than registered civilian males ages 19 to 29. The shocking effects of this war are seen in these numbers; before 2001, the Army rarely suffered 10 suicides per 100,000 soldiers. The Marine suicide rate has soared since 2001 from 12 to at least 19.5 per 100,000 soldiers. For every death, at least five members of the armed forces were hospitalized for attempting to take their life (Cogan). About one third of last years’ service members had told at least one person they planned to kill themselves, as found in the report. According to the Navy Times, 2 perce nt of Army, 2.3 percent of Marines and 3 percent of Navy soldiers responded to a survey conducted by the military; a shocking 28,536 members from all branches reported they had attempted suicide at some point. These rapidly increasing fatalities are leaving military personnel scrambling for answers and solutions. However, through a multitude of research there has been some leeway on discovering the common variables amount soldiers committing suicide. The most commonly identified risk factors and stressors, according to the leaders who testified, are relationship issues, work-related problems, financial pressure, legal concerns, alcoholism and substance abuse (Wong). As Army Deputy Chief of Staff Maj. Gen. Thomas Bostick spoke, â€Å"Despite common knowledge, military suicides are not necessarily linked to overseasShow MoreRelatedPersonnel Suicide Prevention among Junior Enlisted and Fellow Officers1240 Words   |  5 Pagesleading causes of death in the U.S. military today is suic ide. According to an article written by Kristina Wong on ABC News, â€Å"More than 2000 of them [military personnel] have killed themselves in the past decade, including last year [2010] compared with 153 in 2001.† (Wong, 2011). The suicide rates vary from branch to branch, and most likely to occur in veterans and active duty members ranking from enlisted to officers. There are many stressors that play a big role as to why some military personnel commitRead MoreVeterans Are Winning The War Of Afghanistan, Losing The Battle At Home1694 Words   |  7 Pagesto begin with. This has caused the Department of Veterans Affairs to reduce the funding going towards treating traumatic brain injury disabilities. The cut of funding had a negative impact on the Afghanistan veterans because â€Å"On the battlefield, military surgeons are saving many more lives than ever before. But once they return home, men and women recovering from sometimes devastating war injuries confront a red-tape jungle of laws and regulations†(Katel). During the wars in Afghanistan, soldiersRead MoreThe Suicide Of The Marine Corps951 Words   |  4 PagesSenior enlisted leaders are ask to come up with solutions to stop suicide in the Marine Corps. I am going to talk about three topics that I feel important to stop suicide; (1) All hands responsibility, (2) Spiritual guidance, (3) Mental ship awareness program. Suicide is all hands responsibility because Marines are one family that strive to do their best for the best interest of the institution. Marines care for one another and the moment someone commit suicide in the Marine Corps, it has a greatRead MoreSuicide And Its Impact On The United States1556 Words   |  7 PagesSuicide has historically been and continues to be a significant issue in the United States, for civilians as well as active duty military service members and veterans. While statistics surrounding suicide appear to be just numbers on a page, I personally implore the reader of the following paper to never lose sight of the fact that those numbers represent real people. Each one of those people, be they civilian or military, represent a loss of a father or a mother, a brother or a sister, a son orRead MoreThe Suicide Of The Marine Corps935 Words   |  4 PagesSenior enlisted leaders were asked to come up with solutions to stop suicide in the Marine Corps. I am going to talk about three topics that I feel are the best solutions to suicide; (1) All hands responsibility, (2) Spiritual guidance, (3) Mental ship awareness program. Suicide is all hands responsibility because Marines are one family that strive to do their best for the best interest of the institution. Marines care for one another and the moment someone takes their life, it has a great impactRead MoreProspects For Future Study1169 Words   |  5 PagesRecommended Revisions As this project is brought to a close, a reflection can be made on what should be done differently. The project did not struggle with a timeline or gathering information on soldier suicides at the state level. The project did not suffer from lack of participation by chaplains who heard the initial phase 1 introduction to CALLS training and enlistment for more information. However, the Project Director acknowledges that there was an underestimate to the sheer volume of informationRead MoreEssay on Is there Anything to Justify Suicide850 Words   |  4 PagesThe definition of suicide is the act of killing oneself. Per data collected by the American Association of Suc 2010 Final Data Report , there is an average of one person every 13.7 minutes that commits suicide and that suicide was the 10th leading cause of death in the United States at the time of the reports compilation. With studies proving suicide to be such a viable option for some, there arise the questions of moral ity concerning suicide. Is it ever an acceptable course of action? Read MoreThe Battles of Philippi976 Words   |  4 PagesThe Battles of Philippi (42 BCE): The Death of the Roman Republic The battles of Philippi remain one of the best examples of how audacity on the battlefield can influence history. The battles are the climax of the civil war following the assassination of Gaius Julius Caesar in 44 BCE by a band of prominent political figures of Rome; (led by Marcus Junius Brutus (Brutus) and Gaius Cassius Longina (Cassius)) who will be referred to in this paper as ‘the Liberators’. The Battles that occurred onRead MoreThe Nuremberg Trials1601 Words   |  7 Pagesthe doctors, three of the experiments performed on prisoners, and the judgment of three people involved with carrying out the vulgar experiments. Also included are three people who decided to commit suicide instead of facing certain death after going before a jury. The three people who committed suicide were also three of the biggest people involved in building the Nazi party in Germany and its surrounding areas. The Nuremberg Trials The Nuremberg Trials, a glimpse into the Nazis’ that committedRead MoreSuicide Bombings Are on the Rise1139 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever thought about killing yourself? Suicide is a big deal around the world especially in America. Terrorism, If they are forced to become suicidal, if they get anything in return of killing themselves to kill others, or if maybe if it is a religious thing. Suicide bombers are people who attack other innocent people with the intention to cause great damage while taking their own life in the process. These type of attacks are mostly related with religious beliefs and involvement from terrorist

Tkmb Free Essays

To Kill a Mockingbird Project – Yen Vo and Eve Chen Foreshadowing – One form of foreshadowing in this novel is when Scout finds the bubble gum in the tree (page 44) . This event foreshadows the interaction between Jem, Scout and Boo, as Boo is putting those presents in the tree for Jem and Scout to find. Another instance of foreshadowing is when Jem finds his pants mended for him when he goes back to get them on page 76. We will write a custom essay sample on Tkmb or any similar topic only for you Order Now We find out they were fixed for him afterwards on page 78 and when Jem states that â€Å"They’d been sewed up. Not like a lady sewed ‘em. -â€Å" ; this foreshadows the care of Boo Radley for Jem and Scout . We see later on, during the fire, that Boo cares for Scout when he places the blanket upon her. The last instance of foreshadowing would be when Scout is eavesdropping on one of Atticus’s conversations. Atticus was aware that she was listening and allowed for it to happen for quite some time before he calls her out and tells her to go to bed (page 117). This foreshadows the trial plot. Initial Incident – Boo Radley plot: I found that the initial incident within the Boo Radley plot was when Dill was curious about Boo, as it leads to further interactions with the Radley place and the climax (when the children are interacting physically with the Radley place). Trial plot: The initial incident within the trial plot would be when Atticus and Uncle Jack are conversing. This leads to the conviction of Tom and the tension between him and Bob. In Medias Res- I believe that the novel does not begin in medias res, because it does not begin in the middle of a significant event. It begins, however, with Scout explaining to us the situation and thus moving into a flashback of prior events. Motivation – I think that, in this novel, Scout’s biggest motivation is her Father. You really see her character develop as Atticus begins to tell her more. At the beginning, she was very blunt. She didn’t have much care for others or realization of her effect on others. This gradually changes throughout the book as Atticus begins to imply more about what’s right and what’s wrong. He tells her to often be mindful of others and their way of living as well as what they provide for her. For example, he tells Scout to â€Å"think about what Cal does for [her], and mind her,† which has an effect on Scout later as she no longer treats Calpurnia with disrespect or in a rude, ill-mannered way. This, among other implications, leads to a great development of Scout and thus shows the reader that Atticus is, indeed, her biggest form of motivation. Indeterminate resolution – I believe that in the Boo Radley plot there is an indeterminate resolution. I think this, because Boo Radley eventually â€Å"came out† after all that Scout, Jem, and Dill had done. Regardless to the fact that all three of these children were responsible for him coming out, Scout had been the only person to have met Boo Radley, but never saw him again afterwards. It was pleasing to see that Scout had finally been able to meet him, but will never see again nor will Jem or Dill ever meet, and this makes the resolution indeterminate and thus, the reader must decide on their own whether is was a sad, or a happy ending. Resolution – In my opinion, the resolution is satisfying, because after the development of the plot and the issues and questions that had risen from the story were resolved. Also, the solutions were realistic, regardless that they were not as expected or to my preference, but the realistic ideas enhance the story. For example, when Bob was trying to harm Jem and Scout, Scout was able to meet Boo Radley and that links the two storylines and resolves the Boo Radley plot. Setting – There are two passages in which I saw that the setting was significant to more than the physical aspect. One was : Maycomb was an old town, but it was a tired old town when I first knew it. In rainy weather the streets turned to red slop; grass grew on the sidewalks, the courthouse sagged in the square. Somehow, it was hotter then: a black dog suffered on a summer’s day; bony mules hitched to Hoover carts flicked flies in the sweltering shade of the live oaks on the square. Men’s stiff collars wilted by nine in the morning. Ladies bathed before noon, after their three-o’clock naps, and by nightfall were like soft teacakes with frostings of sweat and sweet talcum. because it reveals much more to us about the area, rather than just what eyes might see. We get a feeling of isolation and dreariness from the description. The other would be: The back of the Radley house was less inviting than the front: a ramshackle porch ran the width of the house; there were two doors and two dark windows between the doors. Instead of a column, a rough two-by-four supported one end of the roof. An old Franklin stove sat in a corner of the porch; above it a hat-rack mirror caught the moon and shone eerily. because it evokes a sense of darkness and fear, which is represented further as the children are leaving. Suspense – Three suspenseful moments, I believe, would include when Scout states â€Å" There was more to it than he knew, but I ecided not to tell him. † (page 50) This is suspenseful, because it leaves the reader wondering what could Scout be talking about. What was it that she wouldn’t tell him? And what was its significance? Another moment would be when Scout says â€Å"Then I saw the shadow. † This leaves a very tense and suspenseful feeling, because it raises many questions on what might happen next. The last moment would be this passage: But I must have been reasonably awake, or I would not have received the impression that was creeping into me. It was not unlike one I had last winter, and I shivered, though the night was hot. The feeling grew until the atmosphere in the courtroom was exactly the same as a cold February morning, when the mockingbirds were still, and the carpenters had stopped hammering on Miss Maudie’s new house, and every wood door in the neighborhood was shut as tight as the doors of the Radley Place. A deserted, waiting, empty street, and the courtroom was packed with people. A steaming summer night was no different from a winter morning. Mr. Heck Tate, who had entered the courtroom and was talking to Atticus, might have been wearing his high boots and lumber jacket. Atticus had stopped his tranquil journey and had put his foot onto the bottom rung of a chair; as he listened to what Mr. Tate was saying, he ran his hand slowly up and down his thigh. because it leaves questionable results within the reader and it’s a bit of a cliffhanger in which we can’t determine entirely what will happen next. Symbol – Three symbols within the novel would be mockingbirds, Boo Radley, and the snowman. The mockingbird holds a lot of symbolic meaning within the book. The mockingbird in the book represents the idea of innocence, and when killing the mockingbird it is killing the innocence. Boo Radley helps symbolize the development of Jem and Scout’s innocence into a grown-up moral perspective. The snowman, being black on the inside and white on the outside, symbolizes how the whites need the blacks even in a society in which the white people seem to be predominant. Theme – I believe that a main theme in this novel is the existence of social inequality, in which there is a growing prejudice towards various groups of people. This relates to several human conditions, such as isolation. When there is the inequality mentioned in this novel, it creates isolation to those certain individuals. Another human condition, in which it may relate, is risk-taking. As those individuals in whom the prejudice is against, they constantly take risks whenever they may do something of their will, because the spectators around them will not accept it and might do whatever is needed to stop it. The last human condition would be the commitment to values. This is major, because no matter the effects of others, these people within the book will fight until the end and will stay true to their beliefs. Tone – Narrated action: â€Å"Jem leaped off the porch and galloped toward us. He flung open the gate, danced Dill and me through, and shooed us between two rows of swishing collards. Halfway through the collards I tripped; as I tripped the roar of a shotgun shattered the neighborhood† This narrated action of the kids leaving the Radley house on page 71 creates a very urgent tone, as the use of the words â€Å"galloped† and â€Å"flung† are fast-action paced movements in which a reader would feel the urgency of the situation. Also the intensity of the tone is described in the last sentence, because in a situation such as that one the moment begins to get very tense and suspenseful as to what will happen next. Description: â€Å"The back of the Radley house was less inviting than the front: a ramshackle porch ran the width of the house; there were two doors and two dark windows between the doors. Instead of a column, a rough two-by-four supported on end of the roof. And old Franklin stove sat in the corner of the porch; above it a hat-rack mirror caught the moon and shone eerily† This is a description of the Radley house on page 70 when Scout, Jem, and Dill decide to try to see into it. The tone of this passage is an eerie, frightening one. It’s description is vivd and describes a place in which most people would run from, and thus creates the tone as states before. Dialogue: â€Å"Hush your mouth! Don’t matter who they are, anybody sets foot in this house’s yo’comp’ny, and you don’t let me catch you remarkin’ on their ways like you was so high and mighty! Yo’ folks might be better’n the Cunninghams but it don’t count for nothin’ the way you’re disgracin’ ‘em – if you can’t act fit to eat the table you can just set here and eat in the kitchen! This is dialogue in which Calpurnia is speaking to Scout about her behaviour around Walter Cunningham. The tone this creates is very fierce and strong, because it states that she â€Å"whispered fiercely† in which a reader can imagine the anger and the strong tone that she would be addressing to Scout in. Verisimiltude – I find that a moment when Harper Lee demonstrates verisimilitude is when Cecil Jones is beckoning that Atticus defends â€Å"niggers† in a tone that it would be almost shameful of Atticus to do. This reates a feeling in which it seems realistic, because during that time, people would accuse black persons as guilty, no matter what. It shows a prejudice against different coloured persons in which readers would know was present in that time. We understand that during this era it was practically impossible for a black man to win any sort of fight against an unjust accusation, and thus, helps make the novel seem more realistic. Antagonist – Right off the bat, in Part 1, Scout seems to meet a whole range of antagonists. While some are less memorable and less significant; such as Scout’s fights on the playground, misunderstandings between her and Miss Caroline, her bickers with Jem and her utter dislike towards her cousin Francis, there are some that represent a turning point for the characters or last throughout the whole story. One antagonist I think was a turning point for Scout and Jem was Mrs. Dubose. From Scout’s point of view, Mrs. Dubose is depicted as a rather vicious woman, who likes verbally abuse the Finch family, which is no concern to their father. She is more of an antagonist for Jem rather than Scout, as her words seem to wear Jem down more than it has an effect on Scout. The other ones in Part 1 are not as strong of antagonists but their opposition with the protagonists do last throughout the story. They are Aunt Alexandra and Nathan Radley. Nathan Radley, just wants to keep the children away from his brother Boo, but in the process he appears many times to have a slight dislike for the kids. While Aunt Alexandra is someone Scout dislikes due to the attitude her aunt poses towards her. The main antagonist that appears in the trial plot is the main theme of hatred against black people. This theme is represented in many characters but is most noticeable in Bob Ewell. I think this hatred is largely evident to have affected Jem the most because he had felt the most confident that Tom would not be convicted, and starts to cry when the opposite decision is made. He then tries to shut out the memory of the trial from his mind in order to grow up in hopes of fixing this hatred. Antecedent action – 1. During the first five years in Maycomb, Atticus practiced economy more than anything; for several years thereafter he invested his earnings in his brother’s education. 2. †Maycomb was an old town, but it was a tired town when I first knew it. 3. â€Å"Our mother died when I was two, so I never felt her absence. † Caricature – Scout: She is described by the adults as a girl who always wears overalls, never skirts. In the time of the story she c an be mocked for not acting the way a normal girl of her age should act. Characterization – Choleric: Scout is someone I would consider choleric. She has a restless nature as a kid and has the impulse to act on her feelings not fully aware of what the consequences will be. She can be described with having the tendency of being physically aggressive when nothing else works out due to her playground fights she constantly has with her classmates earlier on in the book. Melancholic: Mayella Ewell is a girl I feel is rather moody as she seems confused and shy. She does not want to talk much in court anxious that her words can have consequences. She also seems rather unsociable as she does not speak to anyone outside of her household except for Tom. Phlegmatic: Atticus is a lawyer who understands how to keep his calm. He is sensitive to the people around him and acts the same manner towards everyone no matter who the person may be. Sanguine: A character that I find quite lively would be Dill. Although he expresses to Scout how he feels lonely at home, he is one not to let the issue make him depressed. He finds a way to narrate it in a creative way to Jem and Scout before he reveals the truth. He is very easy going with his words as he tells Scout he hopes to marry her when he grows up, not caring about the problems that come along with his words. Direct: – Walter Cunningham (â€Å"If Walter had owned any shoes he would have worn them the first day of school and discarded them until mid-winter. He did have a clean shirt and neatly mended overalls. †) In this sentence alone, Walter doesn’t seem to be able to afford another pair of shoes or he would have not had to wait until it was cold to reuse them. Scout later in provides evidence towards this statement when she tells Miss Caroline about how the Cunningham family â€Å"never took anything they can’t pay back – no church baskets and no script stamps. She also explains to the teacher â€Å"They don’t have much, but they get along on it. † -â€Å"Burris† Ewell (â€Å"The boy stood up. He was the filthiest human I had ever seen. †) This sentence gives us detail on Burris’ physical character as previously mentioned in this chapter, the reason they children stopped to look at Burris in the first place was becau se something had crawled out of his hair. – Mrs. Dubose (â€Å"She was vicious. Once she heard Jem refer to our father as â€Å"Atticus† and her reaction was apoplectic. †) The writer does not waste time in pointing out to us that Mrs. Dubose is a vicious character. Also as many children do not refer to their fathers by their first name, she may have found this as the children growing up with disobedient manners. Indirect: – Dill (â€Å"The Radley Place fascinated Dill. In spite of our warnings and explanations it drew him as the moon draws water, but drew him no nearer than the light-pole on the corner, a safe distance from the Radley gate. †) This quote is conveniently placed at the beginning, to give us hints of Dill’s character right of the bat. He, like most children, is curious and has a desire to cure his curiosity no matter the cause, but is threatened by the thought of encountering something horrific or disappointing. This characterization is again used later on in the story when he goes with the Finch children to the trial, but later ends up crying when the trial ends up leaving him confused and short of words. -Calpurnia (â€Å"Again I thought her voice strange: she was talking like the rest of them. †) Calpurnia when is first heard by Scout talking to a fellow black person, she finds it odd how she changes her dialogue and grammar to match theirs. This hints that Calpurnia, even though she is well educated I too ashamed or embarrassed to be different from the rest of her community. – Atticus (â€Å"He put the newspaper down very carefully, adjusting its creases with lingering fingers. They were trembling a little. †) In the part of the story Atticus is confronted by several men from Maycomb, somewhat threatening him for taking action on defending Tom Robinson. We can tell that Atticus must have felt some fear making his fingers tremble, but still remains calm trying to remove the children from the scene. Dynamic: I do not find Atticus as an overly dynamic character. Throughout the book, his attitude towards the people of Maycomb does not change as well his actions are not compromised. He has some instances of disbelief and confusion towards the ending of the book, but these instances do not have much effect on Attticus’ psychological thinking. Realistic: Jem is a boy with very realistic feelings. He tries to hide his problems from the people around him, as he recognizes their problems and does not want to add to the issue. He reminds me of a teenager wanting to be left alone to think of their future or to sort out their thoughts. Stock: Burris Ewell to me is considered as a stock character. He portrays what people typically think of as â€Å"hill-billys†. He is too poor and his family too corrupted for him to attend school, therefore he drops out after a few days of it. Static: Bob Ewell to me has not changed in any way throughout the story. He is a person many people disrespect dues to his attitude and actions, and he proves it by having the trial against Tom Robinson, assuming he would be a hero for treating a black person like trash. He is deeply angered though, when people do not approve of his action and threatens not only adults but having the will to kill children in the end, proving to us that his personality does not change one bit. Climax – I think the climatic event of the trial plot was when Tom was convicted of rape. In the trial the tension between the two parties, being Tom and Bob, heat up as the plot is explained more with every testimony given. The information is accumulated to a point where the jury has to make a decision. This decision would then give us the climax and the result of everything that occurs afterward. The climax of the Boo Radley plot would for me be when the children sneak into the Radley house, although they see nothing, they are chased out of the house with fear. This fear I would consider to be the climax as afterwards the children seems to gradually stop thinking about Boo Radley, resulting in a denouement. Complication- In the trial plot, Scout’s main goal is to understand the trial and the changes it brought to the people around her. This is complicated by the fact that many of the people in Maycomb whom she thought she understood are suddenly opposed to Atticus’ actions. Some significant ones are the whispers of parents towards their children to treat the Finch children well, as Scout does not understand why they needed to be treated any differently. Another would be the how the adults in the story try to get Scout and the other children to leave the court, as she feels as she needs to be there to feel at ease with what’s been happening around her. In the Boo Radley Plot, the children’s main goal is to get Boo out of his house. They are stopped however, by many adults in hopes that they would stop pestering the Radley family. To these adults dismay, they continue though until one day they attempt to sneak into the Radley house and Jem loses his pants. After this, Jem is terrified enough that they stop these attempts. They then start finding odd objects in the tree near their house that start up their goal again, but this is quickly stopped when Nathan Radley presumably fills the tree hole. Conflict- Scout: Although Scout has to deal with the problem of the aftereffects of the trial towards the ending of her story, I think her conflict is how her peers and kin try to train her to be a lady as she is aware of their attempts and reasons but feel that they re unreasonable. Jem: Jem unlike Scout has a better understanding of why the adults want him to grow up to be a gentleman, but this is complicated when the trial of Tom Robinson comes into his life. He feels confused and rather that the trial ws unjust that he tries to erase every memory of this moment, leaving his emotions with nowhere to go. Dill: Dill de als with the problem of being a lonely child. He initially is sent to Maycomb to spend time with his aunt. Miss Rachel but Maycomb later on becomes his place of refuge when he runs away from home. He explains that he left because he felt as if his parents have no interest in him and he has no siblings to share this feeling with. Atticus: Atticus may be a confident lawyer, but he seems to be self-concious when it comes to being a father. He always tries to help his children follow the correct path in life but sometimes doubts himself in the process. This happens more frequently after the trial has taken place, as Atticus hopes that his children are not outcasted in the town due to his actions and beliefs in the trial plot. Crisis- When the Boo Radley and trial plot interlock, a crisis occurs as Scout and Jem who struggle to escape from Bob Ewell are rescued by Boo, this comes as a turning point as Scout had always thought Boo would never come out of his house, even though she had moments when she wishes he does. Deux ex Machina- Bob Ewell’s death would be something I would consider as deux ex machina, as it was very unlikely that anything was going to happen to Bob Ewell after the trial, however his death was placed in there will the people of Maycomb believing he fell on his knife. I think the author had placed this in the story to give us closure being that the narrator of the story was a child that would have slept uneasy knowing that Bob Ewell was still alive. Dialogue- The dialogue in the novel I felt was well written. It was very clear in the dialogue who was speaking and who they were speaking to most of the time according to their tone of voice and the emotions they express. Discovery- Scout throughout the book, her perceptions of Boo Radley changes as it goes from believing he was a dangerous man, to someone that save her and Jem’s lives. Exposition – 1. â€Å"He liked Maycomb, he was Maycomb Country born and bred; he knew his people, they knew him and because Simon Finch’s industry, Atticus was related by blood or marriage to nearly every family in the town. † This background info at the beginning doesn’t seem like much, as it just explains to us how close the Finch family is to the people of the town. However later on, we find out that due to Atticus being family to almost everyone in Maycomb, it is harder for them to deal with him defending a black person accused of a despicable crime. 2. † First Purchase Africa M. E. Church was in the Quarters outside the southern town limits, across the old sawmill tracks. It was an ancient paint-peeled frame building, the only church in Maycomb with a steeple and bell, called First Purchase because it was paid for from the first earnings of freed slaves. Negroes worshiped in it on Sundays and white men gambled in it on weekdays. † This gives us insight on how the black people of the time were disrespected, that a house of worship for the people is regarded as a house of sin for a white man. Flashback- In one flashback, when Scout explains to us once when Uncle Jack helped her with an injury when she was younger. For me, I would consider the whole story a flashback. The story starts off with telling us about when Jem was thirteen, but on the next page it tells us Jem is only eleven. Foil- Bob Ewell can be considered a foil to Atticus as Atticus does not seem to view him as an enemy but someone rather with opposite values. Bob Ewell is what the people in Maycomb would consider a no-good, and being careless towards his children. While Atticus is seen as the opposite as a man who takes good care of his children and is focused on his job. Hero- the hero in this book would be Atticus. Atticus being a lawyer, to the children it seems like he is defending â€Å"innocent† people no matter who it is as to them he seems like a hero. Jem idolizes his dad, as he shows many instances of wanting to grow up and be a lawyer like his dad. Many people around Scout also praise Atticus as being a hero for being able to stand up for his beliefs and not giving up no matter the situation. Narrator- I believe Scout is a combination of a naive and reliable narrator. She is naive being that she only a child and have not developed a complete understanding about the situations around them. We catch her not understanding the trial as much as we thought when Jem accuses Scout of not being able to comprehend the situation. This is later proven when the results from the jury are shown yet she does not feel as sentimental as her family does towards the situation. Protagonist – the protagonist in this book would be Scout. It is Scout because she is narrating the story in first person, meaning the story is about problems and situations revolving her she is the only person that all the situations in the entire book could be about. Subplot – I think the Boo Radley plot would be considered as a subplot, as this plot I feel does not impact the reader as much as the trial plot. The Boo Radley part gives us an introduction to the children and their lives, but they do not give us a clear problem that the children deal with. The Boo Radley plot does not seem to have much effect on the children when they are grown enough to accept that Boo Radley will not come out of his house as they seem to accept Boo they way he is. How to cite Tkmb, Papers

Conceptualizing an Emerging Learning Activity

Question: Discuss about the Conceptualizing an Emerging Learning Activity. Answer: Introduction: In this paper, the previous research papers journal articles will be reviewed for understanding the different aspects of the online coaching and the trend of online coaching for the fitness and health. The present world has become too much technology driven. Beside this the health issues of the people of the whole world is increasing rapidly. In this context, the trend of the health and fitness training through the online platform has become a trend in the present technology dependent world. In this literature review, the main focus will be given in the area of the different types of online educational and training program in the online platform will be analyzed. The effectiveness of these schemes and the technology used in these areas will be considered as the important factors of the research study. According to Aschbrenner et al. (2015), online education has opened many new windows for the learners to learn new things in more interesting way. As per the statement provided by Hrastinski and Stenbom (2013), the students may get bored in the traditional education and teaching scheme. The students are able to find interesting way of learning through the online education. Not only this, the online education system has lots of more advantages. One of the main advantages of the online learning scheme is the minimization of the distance barrier. The learners are able, to learn various things at the same time at the same place. They dont have to move on place to place for learning different kinds of subjects. The use of internet has enabled the facility of learning the desired subjects from home through the online learning platform. Many of the online learning schemes are free for the learners (Taranovych, 2013). Therefore, it is also less costly than the traditional education scheme. According to Gerdes et al. (2016), the above mentioned advantages are the main factors behind the high popularity of the online education. At present, the scenario is quite changed. Now the people of the whole world have become highly dependent on the technology. It has become the trend of the current generation of doing all the things by using the internet. It is obviously because of the various advantages of the internet technology. As stated by Stenbom, Hrastinski and Cleveland-Innes (2012), the modern people have become very busy in their professional life and therefore, they dont have enough time to go for different places for the things which can be also done at home by just clicking in the internet. According to Hrastinski and Stenbom (2013), the importance of the health conscious is increasing highly because of the increased health issues of the people throughout the whole world. The problem of obesity, diabetes and many other health issues has been increased to a very high level in the past decades. In order to reduce the health issues, the lifestyle of the people should be healthy. In this context, the coaching is required for developing awareness among the common people for living a healthier and fitter lifestyle. Generally coaching is related to the area of the education, sports, singing, dancing etc. However, the fact is that coaching is about giving internal motivation to someone for learning something. It also may be about some behavioral changes in the target people (Hill, Richardson and Skouteris 2015). Personal coaching and the health coaching are something different in form. In the area of eth health and fitness coaching is associated to the health organizations for the development of the awareness about the health and fitness of the common people to minimize the health and fitness related issues which are increasing rapidly. Sometimes the coaching program also may be organized by the health insurance companies. It is also useful for the business organizations to organize a health and fitness c0aching for the employees for reducing the health and safety related issues among their employees within the workplace of the organizations (Pacione et al. 2014). Bartels et al. (2014) mentioned about the health coaching for the diabetes. It appears that anybody can hang a shingle that recognizes them as a mentorsomewhat like the volunteer parent of my 7-year-old little girls soccer group or my coaches. A basic look for wellbeing honing accreditation programs turns up a wide cluster of choices, from a 3-year graduate-level program for degree experts to projects that guarantee you can get to be confirmed. The last choice requires no therapeutic foundation or past training. Instructing includes a relationship that individualizes objectives particularly identified with what the customer needs to change or accomplish. The best mentors utilize a procedure like motivational meeting to help customers distinguish positive inspirations and the obstructions that should be chipped away at so as to gain ground. Mentors listen eagerly to help customers distinguish their own longings and the bearing their inspiration is in all likelihood taking them. The AA DE Competencies for Diabetes Educators characterizes a wellbeing instructor/wellbeing mentor as a level 1 diabetes teacher (Yarborough 2016). According to Nakai et al. (2016), the main focus is given social insurance change, and everybody working at the highest point of their licensure, joining wellbeing mentors with diabetes instructors is turning out to be more basic. It permits the diabetes instructor to concentrate on issues that require their clinical mastery and to cooperatively set objectives with the patient. The mentor's part is to guide and bolster the patient in accomplishing objectives while considering them responsible. This course of action unites the motivational aptitudes of the mentor and the clinical administration mastery of the diabetes teacher and whatever remains of the care group, taking into account a more total way to deal with care. The primary concern is that wellbeing mentors can be a powerful part of the care group. At the point when the wellbeing mentor is disengaged from the care group, for example, in a wellness focus or a worker wellbeing administrations site, they might be powerful in help ing the patient achieve their objectives, however the arrangement could possibly be steady with their diabetes mind arrange (Abbott 2016). In this situation, it is up to the patient to guarantee that they are getting what they require from the mentor and that it works with and not against their diabetes mind. As diabetes teachers, getting some information about the utilization of wellbeing mentors in different settings is as critical as getting some information about over-the-counter medications. It's basic to evaluate how the arrangement with the wellbeing mentor fits with the general care arranges. By comprehension the different sorts of wellbeing mentors and how patients might be locked in with them, diabetes teachers can be better arranged to help patients be educated customers and to coordinate their honing knowledge with their diabetes mind arrange (Maria, Vanrenen and Skimble 2014). I had been drilling officials since 1990 in their workplaces as a major aspect of my brain science/counselling business. In any case, the accommodation of phone honing was energizing and was an administration I couldn't morally give to treatment customers in my brain research rehearse (in any event that is the thing that I thought). From that point forward, the different moral bodies (American Counselli ng Association, American Psychological Association, et cetera) have perceived telephone based treatment and online treatment as new administration strategies for some specialists and customers (Riiser et al. 2014). Nonetheless, there are still a few civil arguments happening in the matter of how to do it and stay moral. As mentioned by Gatti, Brivio and Galimberti (2013), the truth of internet honing is considerably more energizing than the hop to phone instructing. Given the bleeding edge development of online treatment and guiding, web based instructing is likewise a developing reality. Most mentors, obviously, speak with customers by means of email between sessions, however not as the essential technique for conveying instructing. However the more youthful customers are accustomed to talking, Twitter, content informing, so web based instructing can be very useful and vital. Online instructors charge either a month to month retainer and incorporate a furthest breaking point of message reactions, or they charge by the exchange. E-learning makes utilization of numerous advances - some of which have been created particularly for it, while others helpfully supplemented the learning procedure, for instance PC amusements (Vorderstrasse et al. 2013). Correspondence advancements are likewise generally uti lized as a part of e-learning. Beginning with the utilization of email and texting, message discussions and informal organizations, we see a plenty of apparatuses that any web client would use regardless. As per Armstrong and Burcin (2016), another preferred standpoint of educators customizing the course experience is the interest to various sorts of learners. In the event that an understudy wants to peruse about their teacher, they can survey a transferred memoir by means of PDF. In any case, if the understudy needs to distinguish a face and a name to their educator, they can watch a short welcome video. Educators can customize the course to speak to everybody and urge understudies to take an interest as indicated by their qualities. The principle objective is to require almost no extra gear than is now important to educate on the web. In the event that an educator has entry to essential PC hardware (desktop/portable workstation with hard drive space, webcam, and mouthpiece) and a broadband web association, they can promptly begin using our thoughts. The main expenses connected with the thoughts are time and tolerance. The business organizations work under the suspicion that workforc e are not given extra financing to move their class into the online environment, so they have ended up imaginative in discovering free approaches to construct group and tweak the course (Yang et al. 2013). Some mechanical apparatuses do have costs; however they make each endeavour to locate a free arrangement before utilizing an expensive bit of programming. According to Gatti, Brivio and Galimberti (2013), in a quickly advancing deductively grounded and innovation driven society, the improvement of wellbeing proficiency is fundamental to guarantee that the general population is inspired and fit for recovering, appearing well and good, and applying exact wellbeing related data in their everyday lives and expert exercises. In like manner, the interest in a reasonable general wellbeing instruction requires coordinated activities tended to laypeople as well as to wellbeing expert gatherings of people. With the motivation behind highlighting ebb and flow points in wellbeing instruction explore, this Research Topic on "Wellbeing training: encouraging general wellbeing proficiency through imaginative training exercises and assets" unites six articles went for the training of both the lay group and wellbeing experts. Instructive mediations focusing on more youthful populace portions have a tendency to be viewed as compelling, as they increment the shot of supporting a sound way of life all through life (Andreasson and Johansson 2013). In their article, Hill, Richardson and Skouteris (2015) show a brought together model for planning instructing and learning materials and describing understudies' frameworks thinking abilities concerning the circulatory framework, in light of three surely understood models: frameworks thinking various levelled display, fitness for cell science training, and structurebehaviour-work demonstrate (Armstrong and Burcin, 2016). The information accumulated by the execution of this model in an example of 75 seventh grade understudies (1213 years of age) in Israel recommends this might be a productive device to help instructors in advancing and enhancing understanding about element connections built up between framework segments at various levels of association. The articles by Vorderstrass et al. (2016), address key connecting challenges went for more youthful eras through school wellbeing programs. Gatti, Brivio and Galimberti (2013) concentrate on enhancing the limit of people and the group to manage wellbeing related issues. Abbott (2016) consider the improvement of the learning base and the framework thinking abilities required to handle the multifaceted nature and immense measure of data about those issues. ponder the advancement of educated basic leadership about wellbeing related practices (Nakai et al. 2016). Every article inspects the effect of imaginative approaches and points of view that can support the adequacy of wellbeing training activities. Maria and Vanrenen, Skimble (2014) talk about the pretended by the group in yielding the achievement of formal and casual wellbeing instruction activities. Drawing on past studies supporting the pertinence of adopting on pluralistic strategies and collective research endeavours to advance wellbeing instruction (Gatti, Brivio and Galimberti, 2013), the creators exhibit the results of two blended techniques thinks about did in a young group association and in a school in Portugal. By conceptualizing wellbeing as indicated by socio-political and environmental measurements that outperform individual and biomedical perspectives and consider the group impact, they exhibit that youngsters are avid to enhance their insight about wellbeing rights and medicinal services get to basically in light of the fact that they see the immense importance of these delicate open issues in a more extensive social setting (Yang et al. 2013). Surveys have demonstrated that fruitful online physical action mediations have included customized counsel through drilling or PC fitting, various member contacts, social bolster components, and hypothetically based conduct change systems (Nakai et al. 2016). Randomized controlled trials have observed that online mediations that give some type of customized counsel result in enhanced engagement and behavioural results contrasted with intercessions giving bland exhortation (Hill, Richardson and Skouteris 2015). Internet guiding and PC custom fitted exhortation are compelling methods for giving customized counsel in electronic mediations that copy the guidance and support gave in customary eye to eye directing sessions, in a way that diminishes land, time and cost impediments. Guiding is characterized as encouraging wellbeing conduct change and enhancing wellbeing results through communication or organization between a wellbeing proficient (mentor) and an individual customer. Web based instructing sessions give individual contact like conventional up close and personal directing. Web based training sessions are regularly conveyed through private messages (email, SMS), constant texting (talk) and gathering discussions (Hrastinski and Stenbom 2013). Web based guiding in online conduct change settings has been found to enhance impression of social bolster which is decidedly connected with conduct change (Yang et al. 2013). Advisor started private messages and continuous directing sessions have been found to bring about more noteworthy weight reduction contrasted with online mediations giving data on weight reduction as it were. Different strategies for conveying social support in electronic mediations with lower time and cost restrictions incorporate online associate discourses and arrangement of an accessible online mentor (Stenbom, Hrastinski and Cleveland-Innes 2012). Neither one of the methods has been observed to be effective at enhancing behavioural results of the mediation, as couple of members have appeared to utilize these components. There are additionally a few advancements that work in a reciprocal way to other programming and empower new elements, for instance programming that includes a whiteboard your video conferencing instrument to permit you or your associates to roll out improvements on other individuals' work for audit, or screen-sharing which permits somebody to make a presentation while as yet making remarks and giving information utilizing the mouthpiece. E-learning makes great utilization of database and CMS (Content Management System) innovations. These two work as an inseparable unit to store your course content, test results and understudy records. The information is put away in the database and the CMS gives a UI to you to include, upgrade and erase information. A decent LMS will frequently give reporting apparatuses to produce and store advance reports. References: Abbott, A.A., 2016. Online Impersonal Training Risk Versus Benefit.ACSM's Health Fitness Journal,20(1), pp.34-38. Andreasson, J. and Johansson, T., 2013. The Health Guru: Masculinity and fitness coaching in the blogosphere.The Journal of Men's Studies,21(3), pp.277-290. Armstrong, S.N. and Burcin, M.M., 2016. Digital Health Education for the Fully Online College Student: An Exploratory Study.American Journal of Health Education,47(6), pp.385-393. Aschbrenner, K.A., Naslund, J.A., Barre, L.K., Mueser, K.T., Kinney, A. and Bartels, S.J., 2015. Peer health coaching for overweight and obese individuals with serious mental illness: Intervention development and initial feasibility study.Translational behavioral medicine,5(3), pp.277-284. Bartels, S.J., Pratt, S.I., Aschbrenner, K.A., Barre, L.K., Naslund, J.A., Wolfe, R., Xie, H., McHugo, G.J., Jimenez, D.E., Jue, K. and Feldman, J., 2014. Pragmatic replication trial of health promotion coaching for obesity in serious mental illness and maintenance of outcomes.American Journal of Psychiatry. Gatti, F., Brivio, E. and Galimberti, C., 2013. Evaluation of a personal mobile coaching service for health tracking.Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine 2013, p.154. Gerdes, S., Dethlefs, B., Personke, Y., Storim, J. and Mrowietz, U., 2016. Online weight?loss coaching for patients with psoriasis: results of a pilot study.British Journal of Dermatology. Hill, B., Richardson, B. and Skouteris, H., 2015. Do we know how to design effective health coaching interventions: a systematic review of the state of the literature.American Journal of Health Promotion,29(5), pp.e158-e168. Hrastinski, S. and Stenbom, S., 2013. Studentstudent online coaching: Conceptualizing an emerging learning activity.The Internet and higher education,16, pp.66-69. Maria, C.K. and Vanrenen, G.J., Skimble, Inc., 2014.Device, method, and graphical user interface for providing health coaching and fitness training services. U.S. Patent Application 14/566,559. Nakai, K., Sota, T. and Ozawa, Y., Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd., 2016.Online coaching method enabling online communication between trainer and trainee. U.S. Patent Application 15/049,147. Pacione, C., Menke, S., Andre, D., Teller, E., Safier, S., Pelletier, R., Handel, M., Farringdon, J., Hsiung, E., Vishnubhatla, S. and Hanlon, J., 2014.System for monitoring and presenting health, wellness and fitness data with feedback and coaching engine. U.S. Patent Application 14/249,314. Riiser, K., Ommundsen, Y., Smstuen, M.C., Lndal, K., Misvr, N. and Helseth, S., 2014. The relationship between fitness and health-related quality of life and the mediating role of self-determined motivation in overweight adolescents.Scandinavian journal of public health, p.1403494814550517. Stenbom, S., Hrastinski, S. and Cleveland-Innes, M., 2012. Student-Student Online Coaching as a Relationship of Inquiry: An Exploratory Study from the Coach Perspective.Journal of asynchronous learning networks,16(5), pp.37-48. Taranovych, Y., 2013.Web Based Project Coaching: Requirements, Design, Implementation and Evaluation of Online Coaching Services. Springer Science Business Media. Vorderstrasse, A.A., Ginsburg, G.S., Kraus, W.E., Maldonado, M.C.J. and Wolever, R.Q., 2013. Health coaching and genomicspotential avenues to elicit behavior change in those at risk for chronic disease: protocol for personalized medicine effectiveness study in air force primary care.Global Advances in Health and Medicine,2(3), pp.26-38. Yang, N.Y., Wroth, S., Parham, C., Strait, M. and Simmons, L.A., 2013. Personalized health planning with integrative health coaching to reduce obesity risk among women gaining excess weight during pregnancy.Global Advances in Health and Medicine,2(4), pp.72-77. Yarborough, B.J., 2016. Health promotion coaching for obese individuals with serious mental illnesses produces clinically significant reductions in cardiovascular risks up to 18 months.Evidence Based Mental Health,19(1), pp.31-31.

Robber Barons or Captains of Industry free essay sample

Robber barons were business leaders who built their fortunes by stealing from the public and captains of industry were business leaders who served their nation in a positive way. These three entrepreneurs were robber barons, for they either did many good things for the nation but had tricks up their sleeve, or were just leaders that treated people unfairly. Henry Ford, John D.Rockefeller, and Andrew Carnegie were robber barons during the 1900’s. John D. Rockefeller was a robber baron because he monopolized the oil industry, barely donated to the community and led the workers to harsh conditions. When Rockefeller monopolized the industry, it was bad enough that he was going against the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890, which stated that having a monopoly was illegal. He even stated, â€Å"The coal oil business belongs to us,† after owning most of the companies due to his monopoly. The trick behind this act was to lower the prices of oil so everyone could afford it. We will write a custom essay sample on Robber Barons or Captains of Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even though this sounds very beneficial for the community, it was bad once Rockefeller was able to own every single company and raise the prices back up, leaving the people with no choice. Since automobiles were also much cheaper and more consumers were buying them, it would lead to more consumers buying oil from Rockefeller and only him. People stated he was a captain of industry because he helped people in poverty, but raising prices back up would not make it any better. Rockefeller also donated $8 billion to the economy, along with controlling 1. 52% of it. Even though $8 billion was an extreme amount of money, it was nothing compared to his $66. 3 billion dollars. Finally, Rockefeller’s workers were working in harsh conditions and treated unfairly. Even though he gave bonuses and high wages so they could work harder, only the unemployed men were allowed to work and had to follow strict rules. Since the workers did want to obey these harsh rules, it led to the Ludlow Massacre of 1914 where Rockefeller sent out the National Guard to stop them, killing 13 strikers and 32 women and children. Overall, Rockefeller’s tricks and immoral decisions led him to be a robber baron. Andrew Carnegie was another entrepreneur that was a robber baron. He treated his workers badly, had a monopoly, and bribed people through vertical integration. Worse than Rockefeller, Carnegie’s workers were in an even worse situation. Carnegie barely paid them anyway and he cut their wages, leading them closer and closer to a strike. The working conditions were also dangerous, leaving them with injuries due to their fingers or arms getting cut off in the machines. This resulted in the Homestead Strike, refusing to let the strikebreakers take over their jobs. Shooting broke out, leaving some strikers dead. Carnegie also used the methods of vertical integration and horizontal consolidation. Vertical integration is when Carnegie bought out all suppliers to control all the stages of the manufacturing process, such as transportation, raw materials, and etc. One of his good friends, Theodore Roosevelt, was an example of whom he bribed so he can buy out his suppliers with no one knowing. Horizontal consolidation was when Carnegie bought out all competing companies, soon creating a monopoly and owning 80% of the steel industry. Even though Carnegie built schools, libraries, homes, and railroads with most of his money, he still wanted profits from everything and tricks to bribe people into getting more. Finally, Henry Ford was also a robber baron. He glorified only himself, bribed his workers, and was anti-Semitic. Ford was seen as a great man for building hospitals, museums, etc. , especially since he was deeply appreciated for his good impact on America. But when he was glorified for expressing his love for American customs, the background story of this was that he deeply wanted his workers to be â€Å"Americanized†, teaching them English during work. Unfortunately though, he intruded on their personal lives and always made sure they were home at night, weren’t out drinking, or doing any other actions he restricted. He was also glorified for sending out ships to Europe to stop WWI with no profit, but when he arrived at Europe, he went right back to America. He made no impact on the war, and didn’t even care that the U. S. would have to get involved soon, even though he said he wanted to help them in the beginning. The first thing he was known for was scientific management and strengthening the mass assembly line, which would make the workers work harder but be happier. Although, this led to mass production, which gave him the benefit of higher profits. Ford also bribed his workers. Although he paid them very high wages and reduced their working hours, he only did this so they would not form a Union to rebel against him. Since the workers could also only purchase things from where they work, Ford got back their wages most of the time, which was also a good reason to increase their wages. Finally, Ford was anti-Semitic. When buying out the ‘Dearborn Independent’, people appreciated that he expressed his beliefs, but his hatred against the Jews was going way too far. He did not let them work in his factories, did not stop his publisher’s harsh words against them, and believed that they were immigrants who were here to take away the jobs of Americans. Overall, Henry Ford, John D. Roosevelt, and Henry Ford were three entrepreneurs that should be classified as robber barons in the 1900’s. Roosevelt and Carnegie had monopolies and were controlling leaders, were tricky business partners just like Ford, who was also selfish and glorifying for all the wrong reasons. Each entrepreneur are not captains of industry, but robber barons; people who manipulate the people for their own benefit.

Human Communication essays

Human Communication essays The movie Sweet Home Alabama showcases examples of many important theories of human communication. The movie's plot itself allows for a great deal of miscommunication and misunderstanding, and it is often these conflicts that allow us to view communication theories. However, many examples of theories of human communication come in scenes where there is little conflict, and the characters are going about their daily business, illustrating that communication occurs in a wide variety of instances. Overall, Sweet Home Alabama provides examples of communication theories as diverse as expectancy theory, constructivism, symbolic interactionism, and the coordinated management of meaning. Some of the most interesting analysis of human communication can come from modern cinema. Topical movies provide not only entertainment, but they often reflect common relationship issues. It is in this reflection of modern relationships that there is a great deal of opportunity for a study of human communication. Given that for every effective story there must be moments of conflict, movies often provide an excellent opportunity to study difficulties in human communication. The movie Sweet Home Alabama provides ample material for a study of human communication. Starring Reese Witherspoon as the movie's heroine, Melanie Carmichael, Sweet Home Alabama chronicles the story of a young woman who is torn between two lovers. While this may seem like an often- told tale, there is an important twist in the plot of this story: one of the lover's is Melanie's ex-husband, and one is her fianc. Perhaps more succinctly, one of the lovers is not quite her ex-husband, as he simply Melanie is a small-town girl who has moved to the big city, and done well for herself. She has a burgeoning career, and is engaged to the son of the mayor. Her newfound debutante status is a far cry from h...

Research on student debt management and budgeting in Canada Paper

On student debt management and budgeting in Canada - Research Paper Example The poll shows that 6 out of 10 students will graduate with a debt to pay. Likewise, 75 % of the Canadian students do not use a budget (Glasby, 2009, p.152). In addition, the Canadian federal government offers financial assistance through the Canada Student Loans Program (Johnstone, 2010, p 180). There are two Canadian bank loan prerogatives for the Saint Mary’s University’s students. Royal Bank offers student loans (www.rbcroyalbank.com). The bank does not collect interest payments while in school. The Royal Bank manages the Federal loans in Quebec and Nova Scotia, Canada. The bank helps the students with their repayment options, responsibilities as well as obligations. Further, the Toronto Dominion Bank offers student line of credit loans (www.tdcanadatrust.com). The student loans cover tuition fees, books, and living expenses. The bank offers different payment terms that fit the students’ payment capacities. The bank does not collect monthly fee s and annual fees during the student’s student life. Furthermore, the National Student Loans Service Centre helps the students with their student loan inquiries (https://nslsc.canlearn.ca). The Centre offers several student loan types. The student can process the student loans from the bank’s National Student Loans Service Centre. The Centre offers different payment terms. The terms fit the students’ capacity to pay the loans on time. The government offers loan forgiveness to academically intelligent students (Mutimer, 2012, p. 209). Canada’s nature and level of student debt. The Royal Bank’s website (www.rbcroyalbank.com) offers readable online student loan materials to Canadian Citizens, through the federal student loan program (Council of International Schools, 2009, p. 37). Likewise, the Toronto Dominion bank (www.tdcanadatrust.com) can easily be understood by the student loan applicant. The can easily find the

A piece of art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A piece of art - Essay Example The artist also mentions that the exhibition happens to the second within a curatorial projects series that the artist has initiated within year 2011 which demonstrated means through which contemporary art as well as artists are able to create a platform for discussing political, social as well as cultural situations importance around the world as well as exploration of their effects on regional and local communities. The artist talks about what a good contemporary art entails which explains that it should interrogate cultural, political as well as social practices and realities. The artist explains that the purpose of their art as one of a university art museum is to give chances for artistic education, exploration as well as reflection. The artists argument is artwork should represent effects of political events on people socially, politically as well as culturally. Artistic work may turn to be political while political may turn into artwork. From this context, the artist has shown how artwork has been used to represent political matters happening especially between the Palestine Israeli war. Most of the art reflects the effects of the war. For instance, the video within which the artist is carrying a greed paint can that is dripping along the green line within Jerusalem as well as areas around it for two days (2007). A declaring by Yael Bartana (2006) that requests that individuals to consider the olive tree changing symbolism in the existing context and the (Sa) Mira by Dor Guez (2009) that deals with some Israeli citizens felt discrimination due to decent by the Arabs. The artist has used the past to express events of the time ahead. For instance the art piece Pan of Qalandia 2014 by Wafa Hourani is an imagination of a huge checkpoint’s future which is in between Ramallah and Jerusalem. Again, the artist has made use of time to represent matters that took place earlier

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 29

Marketing - Essay Example However, many of the researchers specifically name it as ‘status consumption’. In literature the concept of status consumption is defined as the consumption of anything with the intention of boasting of and showing off affluence to others and it ranges from an expensive lipstick to a pricey car (Scheetz, n.d.). Status consumption is the phenomenon through which consumers seek to increase their social standing by conspicuous consumption and possessions (Schiffman). Shukla defines status consumption as the behaviour of the consumer to buy the products and services to enhance their status, no matter what their income or social class is. Basically, status consumption refers to the purchases made by consumers to attain a social status. It also shows the increasing materialism among the people in the society. A lot of work has been done by various researchers on status consumption. Even the concept of status consumption is considered very effective from marketing point of view. In a survey of 239 Malaysian students, it was found that promotional appeals that underline social comparisons are more effective on status seeking customers (Heaney, Goldsmith & Jusoh, 2005). The researchers have been always curious to determine the reasons because of which the consumers go for status consumption. In a study of 598 consumers, it was found that status seeking consumers have a need for uniqueness and can be good opinion leaders (Clark, Zboja & Goldsmith, 2006). Therefore, the need to look superior and to maintain the social status results in status consumption. Ustuner and Holt (2009) studied the concept of status consumption among the middle class people from less industrialised countries. They limited their research to middle class group only because this class does have enough spending power to maintain their social class and they find that significant

Congestive Cardiac Failure Case Study

Congestive Cardiac Failure Case Study Mr. Sam Toscana is a 70 year old client admitted to the ward with congestive cardiac failure (CCF). The client states that he has had increasing SOB over the last 3 days and his feet are as swollen as he cannot put his shoes on. The cardiologist saw him this morning and he admitted for management of his CCF. The client states he has had a fluid problem on and off for the last five year. History Age: 70 Allergies: NKA Ht: 165 cm WT: 75 kg Next of kin: Wife Maria Children: 1 daughter Mr. Toscana lives with his wife in the family home; they have lived there for 40 years. His daughters house is near by and she is very helpful and takes him and his wife to appointments. However she has 3 children at school that keep her very busy. They remain very sociable attending the local Italian club. He was diagnosed with CCF 10 years ago. Past History AF, Hypercholesterolemia, CCF, CABGs 10 years ago, ex-smoker, positive coronary artery disease family history. Medical Management The following about medications were told by Mr. Toscana: Lasix is not taken when they go outings organized by the Italian club. Digoxin is taken one in the morning (blue pills). Aspirin is taken in the morning with water. Warfarin is taken in the night and blood test is getting every couple of days. Perindopril is taken one in the morning for his heart. Observations on admission BP 95/50, AF pulse irregular 80, SaO2 93% on room air, Temp 36.9, R Rate 22 bpm, Crackles noted in the right lung base. This essay will explain the pathophysiology of presenting condition of Mr. Toscana. Secondly, this paper will explain what nursing assessment will be performed on Mr. Toscana and justify the framework for assessment chosen. Thirdly, education and psychosocial support will be offered on Mr. Toscana will be described with justifying. In addition, nursing care plan for Mr. Toscana with two short term and two long term goals including nursing interventions, rationales, and evaluations will be provided. Furthermore, diagnostic tests that will assist with the assessment and management of Mr. Toscana will be investigated. Moreover, this essay will perform a risk assessment on the client drawing on the information provided. Lastly, two of the medications Mr. Toscana is taking will be discussed and including action, use (as discuss why this client been prescribed this medication), relevant interaction, three adverse effects, and three nursing points or precautions. Pathophysiology of the presenting condition of Mr. Toscana Heart failure is defined as a condition that results from some abnormality in myocardial function. The abnormality, whatever the cause, results in the inability of the heart to deliver enough oxygenated blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body. When the right and left ventricles fail as pumps, pulmonary and systemic venous hypertension ensue, resulting in the syndrome of congestive heart failure (Fletcher Thomas 2001). Dyspnoea or shortness of breath, orthopnoea and pulmonary crackles are signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema and pleural effusion when left ventricular in the heart failure. There are two major consequences occur when the left ventricle is unable to pump enough blood to meet the bodys demands: signs and symptoms of decreased cardiac output and pulmonary congestion. Increased pressure in the left side of the heart backs up into the pulmonary system, and the lungs become congested with fluid. Fluid leaks through the engorged capillaries and permeates air spaces in lung (Christensen Kockrow 2011). According to Christensen and Kockrow (2011) edema appears in the body as right ventricular failure. Right ventricular failure occurs when the right ventricle in unable to pump effectively against increased pressure in the pulmonary circulation. The right ventricles inability to pump blood forward into the lungs results in peripheral congestion and an inability to accommodate all the venous blood that is normally returned to the right side of the heart. Venous blood in reflected backward into the systemic circulation. Increased venous volume and pressure force fluid out of the vasculature into interstitial tissue or peripheral edema. Nursing assessment with justifying Christensen and Kockrow (2011) state that subjective data to assess Mr. Toscana include complaints of dyspnea, orthopnea or sudden awakening from sleep because shortness of breath (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea), and cough. Besides that, fatigue, anxiety, weight gain from fluid retention, and edema may be reported by patient. In addition, any pain such as angina or abdominal and the patients stated ability to perform activity of daily living needs to be documented. Collection of objective date includes noting presence of respiratory distress, the number of pillows required to breath comfortably while attempting to rest (orthopnea), edema (site, degree of pitting), abdominal distension secondary to ascites, weight gain, adventitious breath sounds, abnormal heart sounds such as gallop and murmurs, activity intolerance, and jugular vein distension. Blood flow to the kidneys is diminished, resulting in oliguria. Oxygen deficit in tissues results in cyanosis and general debilitation (Christensen Kockrow 2011). Education and psychosocial support with justifying According to Washburn and Hornberger (2008) heart failure is a complex, chronic illness often requiring major lifestyle modifications for patients and their families. Nurses play a key role in educating and counseling patients and their families about these changes. Education should be provided to patients about symptom and weight management, dietary and exercise recommendations, and medications. Patient should be taught the signs and symptoms of worsening congestive cardiac failure such as increased dyspnea, development or worsening of orthopnea, weight gain, and exercise intolerance or inability to perform the normal activities of daily living without increased fatigue (Fletcher Thomas 2001). The research shows that up to more than fifty percent of hospital admissions are due to noncompliance with both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic treatment regimes. Non-pharmacologic therapies include a no added salt diet, which constitutes about two three grams of salt per day. Patients should be instructed to avoid foods containing large amounts of sodium, such as highly processed foods, canned foods, and luncheon meats. A nutrition consult is helpful especially if patient is overweight. Some patients may need to have their daily fluid restricted to 1.5-2.0 liters per day. This is a clinical judgment based on signs of congestion, fluid over load and weight gain. Patients should be instructed to weigh themselves daily or every other day and record the data in a log, which should be taken to every visit with the clinician. A weight gain of two to three pounds should trigger a visit to the clinician. All patients with CCF should be encouraged to exercise to improve overall physical conditioning. The established standard for assessment of physical capacity is an exercise test, which provides objective data regarding exercise time, distance, peak workload, and oxygen consumption (Fletcher Thomas 2001). Washburn and Hornberger (2008) state that it is importance for nurses providing education to patients with heart failure to have an understanding of the drugs used in the management of heart failure. So patient should be taught the name of each drug and its purpose, dosage, frequency, and significant side effects. Patients should be advised to bring all prescriptive and non-prescriptive medications to office visits for review and assessment of patients understanding of them. Nursing diagnoses include interventions, rationale, and evaluations for two short term and two long term goals (use the nursing care plan template) In Mr. Toscana situation, excess fluid volume is the first nursing short term diagnosis as edema, dyspnoea on exertion, and weight gain. The expected outcome for Mr. Toscana is fluid balance. Fluid balance can be demonstrated as peripheral pulses palpable, peripheral edema not present, orthostatic hypotension not present, skin hydration, and body weight stable. To achieve this expected outcome, patient should be weighted daily and monitor trends to monitor fluid retention and weight reduction. Serum electrolyte levels and therapeutic effect of diuretic are monitored to assess as a response to treatment. In addition, respiratory pattern is monitored for symptoms of respiratory difficulty for early recognition of pulmonary congestion. Moreover, fluid balance is monitored by monitoring renal function and intake and output (Brown et al. 2008). The second short term nursing diagnosis is impaired gas exchange as manifested by increased respiratory rate, dyspnoea on exertion and Mr. Toscana states that he has had increasing shortness of breath over the last three days. The evaluation for this diagnosis expects patient breathe easily, dyspnoea with exertion not present, oxygen saturation and respiration rate are in normal range limit. Nursing interventions include respiratory monitoring, oxygen therapy, and positioning. To monitor respiratory, auscultative breath sound, noting areas of decreased or absent ventilation and presence of adventitious sounds, to assess congestion. Dyspnoea and events that improve worsen it are also monitored to detect events that can influence activities daily living. Oxygen therapy such as administer supplemental oxygen as ordered to maintain oxygen levels and change oxygen delivery device from mask to nasal prongs during meals as tolerated sustain oxygen levels while doing activities daily living (Brown et al. 2008). Besides short term diagnosis, Mr. Toscana may be faced with long term effecting due to congestive cardiac failure. Disturbed sleep pattern and deficient knowledge are considered as Mr. Toscana long term diagnosis. Disturbed sleep pattern related to nocturnal dyspnoes, unable to assume favored sleep position, nocturia and manifested by inability to sleep during the night. There are six interventions for this diagnosis. First, determine patients sleep or activity pattern to establish routine. Secondly, patient is encouraged to establish a bedtime routine to facilitate transition from wakefulness to sleep in order to establish a pattern and decrease number of waking periods. Thirdly, adjust environment to promote sleep. Fourthly, regulate environmental stimuli to maintain normal day-night cycles to help promote sleep cycle. Fifthly, adjust medication administration schedule to support patients sleep cycle. Lastly, monitor patients sleep pattern and number of sleep hours to determine hou rs of sleep. Expected outcomes of those nursing interventions are uninterrupted sleep, increase hours of sleep, feelings of rejuvenation after sleep, and vital sign in expected range (Brown et al. 2008). According to Brown et al. (2008) deficient knowledge related to disease process as Mr. Toscana states that he has had a fluid problem frequently come and gone for the last year. Patient expects to descript of disease process, descript of signs and symptoms of complications, and descript of precautions to prevent complications after been educated. Patients current level knowledge related to heart failure is assessed to demonstrate areas of teaching needed. Describe common signs and symptoms of heart failure so patient will know signs and symptom of worsening heart failure. Patient is instructed on measures to prevent or minimize side effects of treatment for the disease as patient may be able to decrease number of acute episodes of heart failure. Family member or significant others encourage to include in teaching to provide support for the patient. (Would like to see the N Diagnostic tests that will assist with the assessment and management of Mr. Toscana According to Christensen and Kockrow (2011) the most noninvasive diagnostic tool for evaluating a patient with heart failure is an echocardiogram. Echocardiography is done to determine valvular heart disease, presence of pericardial fluid, heart failure as the percentage of end diastolic blood volume ejected during systole, and ejection fraction. Secondly, a chest radiograph reveals pulmonary vascular congestion, pleural effusion, and cardiac enlargement. Thirdly, ECG reveals cardiac dysrhythmias. Moreover, pulmonary artery catheterization is done to assess right and left ventricular function. Exercise stress testing is also done to determine activity tolerance and severity of underlying ischemic cardiovascular disease. In addition, laboratory tests include electrolytes, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium levels will assist with the assessment and management of Mr. Toscana. Blood chemistry will reveal elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine resulting from decreased glomerular filtration; liver function values will be mildly elevated. BNP, a neurohormone secreted by the heart in response to expansion of ventricular volume and pressure over load, is useful in monitoring chronic heart failure (Christensen Kockrow 2011). Perform a risk assessment on the client drawing on the information provided (examples of risk assessment tools that would be appropriate) Firstly, since depression was a significant predictor of fatigue in congestive heart failure patients, fatigue patterns should be closely monitored. Congestive heart failure patients mood should be monitored for obvious disturbance, and if necessary, they should be referred to mental health or psychiatric practitioners for further assessment and proper treatment (Tang, Yu Yeh 2010). Secondly, according to Brown et al. (2008) nocturia is one of a risk assessment should be performed on Mr. Toscana. A person with chronic heart failure will have impaired renal perfusion and decreased urinary output during the day. However, when the person lies down at night, fluid movement from interstitial spaces back into the circulatory system is enhance. This cause increased renal blood flow and diuresis. The patient may complain of having to void six or seven times during the night. Thirdly, because the tissue capillary oxygen extraction is increased in a person with chronic heart failure, the skin may appear dusky. It may also be cool to the touch from diaphoresis. Often the lower extremities are shiny any swollen, with diminished or absent hair growth. Chronic swelling may result in pigment changes, causing the skin to appear brown or brawny in areas covering the ankles and lower legs (Brown et al. 2008). Discuss two of the medications Mr. Toscana is taking Lasix or Frusemide is one of high-ceiling (loop) diuretics medication. Action of this group is potent diuretics that inhibit sodium, potassium and chloride re-absorption in the proximal and distal renal convoluted tubules, but mainly in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, resulting in increased water excretion. Frusemide is effective within one hour by oral, peak one to two hours, and duration on six to eight hours (Tiziani 2006). According to Pharmaceutical Society of Australia (2010) one of indications of Frusemide is oedema associated with heart failure and it is reason why Mr. Toscana has been prescribed this medication. Pharmaceutical Society of Australia (2010) shows that non steroid anti -inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce renal function and may reduce diuretic effect and increase risk of nephrotoxicity. However, low dose aspirin is unlikely to be a problem. The combination of loop diuretics and ACE inhibitors (Perindopril) may increase the risk of ACE inhibitor-induced renal impairment, so renal function should be monitored closely (Pharmaceutical Society of Australia 2010). The first adverse effect of Lasix is fluid and electrolyte disturbances. Secondly, hypovolaemia and dehydration should be considered. The third adverse effect is postural hypotension (Tiziani 2006). Christensen and Kockrow (2011) argue that when patient is prescribed loop diuretic such as Lasix, it should be administered in the morning to prevent nocturia. The second of nursing interventions is monitoring for electrolyte depletion. Thirdly, sulfa allergy is encouraged to consider. Perindopril (Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) is indicated for heart failure due to Mr. Toscanas situation. ACE inhibitors block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and also inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin. They reduce the effects of angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction, sodium retention and aldosterone release. They also reduce the effect of angiotensin on sympathetic nervous activity and as a growth factor (Pharmaceutical Society of Australia 2010). Common adverse effects of ACE inhibitors are hypotension, cough, hyperkalaemia, headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea and renal impairment (Pharmaceutical Society of Australia 2010). Following Mr. Toscana case, the first nursing point or caution of Perindopril is nurses need to know that heart failure is usually treated with a diuretic and digoxin in associated with ACE inhibitor. Secondly, patient is advised that a low salt diet may be beneficial in reducing blood pressure. However, potassium containing salt substitutes are not recommended because of the increased risk of hyperkalaemia. Thirdly, for patient with congestive heart failure, blood pressure and renal function should be monitored before starting and regularly during therapy (Tiziani 2006). Congestive Cardiac Failure Case Study Congestive Cardiac Failure Case Study Congestive cardiac failure or congestive heart failure can be defined as the inability of the heart muscles to pump enough blood to all parts of the body, for example brain, liver and kidneys. Heart failure can develop slowly over time as the result of other conditions (such as high blood pressure and coronary artery disease) that weaken the heart. It can also occur suddenly as the result of damage to the heart muscle.(university of Maryland medical center 2014) Congestive heart failure affects several organs in our bodies and it includes, heart, kidneys, lungs, brain, liver, skin and spleen. Then organ systems that are affected are, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, nervous system, circulatory system skeletal system, and urinary system A brief overview of the normal functioning of the affected body systems. one of the body systems that is affected with congestive heart failure is the cardiovascular system, this system consists of heart, blood vessels and blood. Its responsible for pumping blood through the body as well as oxygen, nutrient, hormones and cellular waste. It regulates blood pressure through the contraction of the heart pumping and also helps to maintain fluid balance within the body. The main function of respiratory system is to supply blood rich in oxygen to all parts of the body. The respiratory system does this through breathing. When we breathe, we inhale oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide. This exchange of gases usually takes place in the alveoli and the capillaries. The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli and then diffuses through the capillaries into the arterial blood. Meanwhile, the waste-rich blood from the veins releases its carbon dioxide into the alveoli. The carbon dioxide follows the same path out of the lungs when you exhale. The circulatory system has its main functions as to pump blood containing oxygen and other nutrients around the body. the system consists of the heart, arteries, capillaries and veins. The heart, the lungs, and the blood vessels work together to form the circle part of the circulatory system, the circulatory system contains of two loops of circulatory, the pulmonary circulation which transports de-oxygenated blood from the right atrium and right ventricle to the lungs to pick up oxygen and nutrients and returns to the left side of the heart. The systemic circulatory which transports blood rich in oxygen from left side of the body and transports it all the body tissues. The circulatory system control the pressure of the blood as it travels through the body and taking away the wastes The urinary system consists of the kidneys, bladder, ureters and urethra. its main function is to filter metabolic wastes, excess ions, and chemicals from the blood to form urine. They also maintain the homeostasis of several important internal conditions by controlling the excretion of substances out of the body.through this it regulates the blood pressure. After the whole process of urine formation is completed the ureters carry urine to the urinary bladder and later discharged in the urethra. The nervous system consists of brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all of the nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body. Together, these organs are responsible for the control of the body and communication among its parts. Neurons transmit information through electrical signals to the brain. chemical help to bridge gap between one neuron and the other. there are several signs and symptoms of heart failure and they are discussed here below: Shortness of breath. This is one of the signs and symptoms of heart failure, this happens due to the back up of blood in the pulmonary veins which leads fluid to leak and build up in the lungs because the heart cant keep up with the supply. Tiredness or fatigue. This happens because the heart cant keep up with the demand of supply of blood to all the body tissues so u feel tired because its being overworked. Edema. There build up of excess fluids in the body parts because the heart cant pump all the blood as a result there is the excess build up of fluids. there is slow cardiac output. Persistent coughing or wheezing due to the build up fluids in the lungs as a result of heart not pumping all the blood out of the lungs. Lack of appetite , nausea this occurs because there is less cardiac out as a result less blood reaches the digestive system which cause problems with the digestion process. Confusion. This is one of the symptoms and the reason behind is because there is less cardiac out the nutrients also is less and not enough for the body tissues, which will lead to less nutrients like sodium which will lead to someone having confusions and impaired thinking. Tachycardia. This is one of the signs and symptoms of heart failure. The increased heart rate is due to the heart pumping harder to meet the demands of supply of blood and nutrients to the rest of the body which is not enough.(American heart association 2014) sudden weight gain from fluid retention. Chest pain if the heart failure is caused by heart attack. Elevated blood pressure due to tachycardia as a result heart trying to pump more blood to other parts of the body. When critically analysing Mr wrights admission form it clearly indicates signs and symptoms of congestive cardiac failure. his circulation is not okay because he suffers from peripheral vascular disease which it can easily contribute to heart failure. secondly considering the loss of appetite which can be attributed to low blood supply to the digestive system. Checking his oxygen saturation levels which are low due to the heart failing to pump lots of blood out of the lungs which can lead to leak of fluids in the lungs. another sign is the confusion. Despite him having dementia but have low cardiac out supply to the rest of the body tissues can lead to confusion which is also a sign of heart failure. Well diabetes might be related to his leg ulcer considering the fact that patients who are diabetic at a certain stage they may have reduced sensation of the skin on there feet. They are nerve endings on the skin usually fails to detect any pain or sensation and as a result it can be a high risk of leg ulcer if the patient has a cut or blister on the feet it can easily develop to leg ulcer which can if its serious it may lead to amputation. for his case it might have played a role. In patients who are diabetic there might be poor circulation of blood to the feet which might be a contributing factor to his leg ulcer and finally the amputation of the left toe. Lasix (furosemide) is a diuretic (water pill) that prevents your body from absorbing too much salt, allowing the salt to instead be passed in your urine(drug14).if you got excess fluids it helps to reduce them. it treats fluid retention in people with congestive heart failure, kidney problems and liver diseases. He is given the drug in order to get rid of the excess fluids retention. the systems affected by this drug re cardiovascular and urinary system. Conditions that are commonly associated with aging according to Mr wrights relevant medical history. Arthritis the inflammation of the joints, and creates pain and stiffness when moving these joints. Osteoarthritis is the most common in the elderly. when cartilage is damaged or worn out the bone rub on each other causing friction which causes pain when moving the joints. diabetes mostly type 2 which affects the older people though young people Can also develop it. The risk of developing type 2 diabetes increase with age mostly over 55 years of age. Its where the pancreas produces insulin but its not sufficient enough to work effectively. Glaucoma is an eye diseases that results to blindness in the elderly especially over 80 years. Its a group of eye disease in which the optic nerve at the back of the eye is slowly destroyed. Poor blood supply to the vital optic nerve can lead to glaucoma.(glaucoma2014) Factors that may impact his safety whilst in hospital and when he returns home. Checking through his admission history and assessment increased level of confusion can be one of the factors that can impact his safety. He fails to remember because the low blood supply and low oxygen levels in the body which fail to supply enough to the brain and as a result this will lead to increased levels of confusion. He may not remember why he is in hospital, he may forget to take his medications as prescribed the correct dose at the right time and this is likely to occur when he is at home. Mr. Wright is receiving meals on wheels while he is at home, because of his loss of appetite as a result of congestive heart failure he may not take his meals and he can be at a risk of being malnutrition, which will eventually lead to a high falls risk because he will not have the strength and energy to walk. From the assessment it seemed he cared for his dog and as a result of being hospitalised he his anxious about the dog which can lay an impact on his safety. He is not settled at all and it may increase risk of more complicated health problems considering he has congestive heart failure. he worries a lot about the dog wondering who is going to care for it yet he is not well. While he is at home because of the level of consciousness which at time deteriorate he might just forget to walk with the walking stick at all times and combine with the nutritional problems he might be of high falls risk. Because he got glaucoma this might also play a role considering his safety back at home which can have a huge impact on hi mobility. Other health professionals that can be involved in Mr Wrights can and what services they can provide Dietician because he is diabetic and has lost appetite, the dietician would assess and provide the best solution to help improve his appetite. Physiotherapist would also be involved in Mr wrights care to assesses the mobility levels and recommend the best way of care he needs as fur as mobility is concerned. he would check if he is a high or low falls risk and provide the best tool to aid mobility. Optometrist would also be involved in his care, he would assess the level of glaucoma and check if its worsening or getting better and the likely impacts it can have on his levels of mobility. From the medical history he has dysphagia the speech pathologist will be involved to assess his level of swallowing if the problem is worsening or it has improved and make necessary recommendations so that when he goes home the meals on wheels can supply him with the recommended type of food that he can tolerate. An occupational therapist would also be involved in his care he or she will come in handy to assess the hazard at home and all the id tools that he requires in order to reduce any risk of injuries occurring at home. For example He may assess and recommend commode at night to avoid the walking to the toilet at night in order to reduce the risk of falling. A social worker will also be involved in his care considering he is at home alone with his dog, he might need home visits where the social worker will check how he is coping in the community and assess if he is socially isolated or he gets involved in the society, if family and friends visit him at all. The nursing documentation expected to be used in the care of MR. Wright are as followed. Admission form and passed medical history form. medications chart nursing care plan. progress notes allied health chart, ECG charts, observation charts fluid balance chart and bowel chart. References University of Maryland Medical Center 2014 viewed 18th sept 2013 http://umm.edu/health/medical/reports/articles/heart-failure#ixzz3CXXtD2EZ Virtual medical center 2014 last reviewed 7th may 2010 respiratory system http://www.myvmc.com/anatomy/respiratory-system/ Cardiovascular system the inner body last viewed 2013 http://www.innerbody.com/image/cardov.html Urinary system the inner body last viewed 2013, http://www.innerbody.com/image/urinov.html#full-description Nervous system the inner body last viewed 2013 http://www.innerbody.com/image/nervov.html#full-description American heart association (2014) warning-Signs-for-Heart-Failure last reviewed 20/8/2012 http://www.heart.org. Australia, Diabetes. (2014, January 6). Diabetes and Your Feet. Retrieved from Australia Diabetes: https://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/Living-with-Diabetes/MindBody/DiabetesYour-Feet/ Drugs.com. (2014). Retrieved from Lasix: http://www.drugs.com/lasix.html Australian institute of health and well being (2013)osteoarthritis http://www.aihw.gov.au/osteoarthritis/ Gabrielle K, Kate S and Jodie H (2013)theory and practice Tabbners nursing care 6th edition. Glaucoma Australia (2014)Retrieved from Glaucoma http://www.glaucoma.org.au/what.html. The human heart circulatory system:(2014)retrieved from Franklin institute: http://learn.fi.edu/learn/heart/systems/circulation.html